从汉藏语言比较看茶马古道的演化——以汉、白、彝语比较为基础

The Evolution of Ancient Tea-Horse Trail from the Perspective of Comparing Sino-Tibetan Languages——Based on a Comparison among the Chinese,Bai and Yi Languages

茶马古道本质上是一个网络,将各种不同的文化圈贯通起来。这个网络是不断演化发展的,在不同的时间阶段有不同的内涵。语言上的关联是文化圈形成的最好证据,同源词体现发生学上的自源关联,借词反映接触传播上的联系。从茶马古道发源的核心地区里分布的藏缅语与汉语的比较,可以发现与茶马古道的演化密切相关的语言证据,在此基础上,根据历史语言学中的年代测定的一些方法,能理清茶马古道网络演化中的一些时间层次。

Ancient Tea- Horse Trail was essentially a network connecting different cultural circles. This network kept evolving and developing and carried different implications in different periods.Linguistic correlation is good evidence for the formation of a cultural circle. Cognates embody the autogenous relations in genetics while loan words reflect the relations in contact and transmission. Some linguistic evidence related closely to the evolution of Ancient Tea- Horse Trail can be found by comparing Chinese with the Tibeto- Burman languages distributed in the key birthplaces of Ancient Tea-Horse Trail. On that basis,some temporal dimensions in the evolution of the network of Ancient Tea-Horse Trail can be clarified by some age- dating methods in historical linguistics.