李斯特谱系:一再被强调的国家和逐步被重视的社会

List' s Genealogy: The Repeatedly-Emphasized State and Gradually-Valued Society

与斯密传统的世界主义经济学相对,经济思想史上存在着一条清晰的重商主义理论谱系,即李斯特的国家经济学、格申克龙的后工业化国家、发展型国家和演化发展经济学。这一谱系强调国家利益、保护主义和竞争优势,尤其重视国家在现代化和经济赶超中的作用。与其一以贯之的"国家执念"相比,李斯特谱系对社会基础的重视程度是逐步加大的。对社会基础的关注对象,即关键行动者上,也逐步从城市资产阶级、封建贵族逐步扩展到企业组织和广大民众。在国家与社会的关系的认识上,也逐步从单向度的国家作用发展到国家-社会互动的观点。李斯特谱系的这一变化,体现了国家、社会和市场经济之间的渐进协同演化过程,在国家与社会的交互作用过程中,国家的专制性力量向建制性力量转化,以及建制性力量中的渗透力、汲取力和协调力的形成过程,对不同国家的工业化和现代化进程有着不同的影响。

Unlike Adam Smith＇s cosmopolitan economics,a clear theoretical genealogy of mercantilism exists in the history of economic thoughts- Friedrich List＇ s national economics,Gerschenkron＇s post- industrialized state,developmental state and evolutionary developmental economics. This genealogy emphasizes national interests,protectionism,competitive advantages,and particularly the role of the state in modernization and economic surpass. In comparison with its long- stressed ＂notion of state＂,List＇ s genealogy gradually attaches more importance to social foundation. The objects of concern in social foundation,namely the key actors,extend gradually from the urban bourgeoisie and feudal aristocracy to the business organizations and general public. Its cognizance of the relationship between the state and society gradually evolves from one- dimensional role of the state to the view of the state- society interaction. This change in List＇ s genealogy reflects the progressive and cooperative evolution of the state,society and market economy. In the interaction between the state and society,the transformation of the state＇ s despotic power to its infrastructural power,and the formation of the penetrability,suction force and coordination capacity in its infrastructural power have different influences on the industrialization and modernization of different states.