族群—地方性知识、区域自治与国家统一——从法律的“普适性知识”和“地方性知识”说起

Ethnic-Indigenous Knowledge,Regional Autonomy and National Unity——Starting with the “Universal Knowledge”and “Indigenous Knowledge”of Law

法律不仅是地方性知识,而且是族群性知识,这一观念是对"法律一元意识形态论"的一种否定,是以法律多元的立场开启了一种新的法律意识形态。法律的族群—地方性知识理念,为族群和地方的自治开启了法律的学理前提。地方性知识表明,地方自治主要是一个涉及区域—地理边界的概念;但族群性知识表明,族群自治又是一个必然涉及文化—社会边界的自治。这两种自治之间,有时候是统一的,更多的时候则是冲突的,因此,寻求在两者基础上构造一种复杂的自治体系,就是国家治理之必然。族群—地方性知识,及其所致的地方自治表面上是对国家统一的威胁,但国家统一可分为压制型统一和契约型统一。因此,族群—地方性知识及其必然所要求的地方自治,是推进国家契约型统一,实现国家有机团结的重要事实—理念基础。

The concept that law is not only indigenous knowledge but also ethnic knowledge is a negation of ＂the ideology monism of law＂,and initiates a new ideology of law from the standpoint of legal pluralism. The idea of ethnic- indigenous knowledge of law has opened a theoretical premise of law for the autonomy of ethnic groups and regions. Indigenous knowledge indicates that local autonomy is mainly a concept involving regional- geographical boundaries,but ethnic knowledge indicates that ethnic autonomy is inevitably related to the autonomy of cultural- social boundaries. The two autonomies are sometimes unified but more often conflicting,so it is necessary for the state governance to seek to construct a complex autonomous system based on the two autonomies. Ethnic- indigenous knowledge and the resulting local autonomy are threats to national unity on the surface,but national unity can be divided into suppressing unity and contractual unity. Therefore,ethnic- indigenous knowledge and the necessary local autonomy are important factual- ideological foundation for promoting national contractual unity and realizing national organic unity.