新城疫病毒反向遗传技术的研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON REVERSE GENETICS IN NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS

新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)在分类上属于副粘病毒科、副粘病毒属(Avulavirus),是单股、负链、不分节段的RNA病毒。反向遗传技术是指从生物遗传物质DNA或RNA入手,通过对遗传物质进行加工、修饰以及替换等,来研究基因突变后产生的生物学特性变化,从而确定生物体基因组的结构与功能以及这些突变可能对生物学特性的影响。目前该技术已经成为病毒学领域中研究基因功能的最有效方法。本文简述了NDV反向遗传操作系统的构建过程以及利用该技术在NDV研究中的最新成果。

Newcastle disease virus（NDV） is an enveloped virus belonging to the genus Avulavirus within the family Paramyxoviridae which contains a single-stranded,negative-sense,non-segmented genome.Reverse genetics is an approach to discover the function of a gene by analyzing the phenotypic effects of specific engineered gene sequences.The advent of reverse genetics and molecular engineering of viruses have transformed the field of virology by permitting study of targeted genetic changes in virus genomes.The technical progress in studying NDV virulence related genes by using the reverse genetic system was reviewed in the article.