工业发达山区县农业种植的专业化转型——以巩义市为例

Research on Specialized Transformation of Agricultural Planting in Industrial Developed Mountainous County——A Case Study of Gongyi City

以河南省巩义市为例,选取区位商、专业化指数和结构变化指数分析其主要农产品的专业化程度与结构变化,发现工业发达山区县:1在农业总体萎缩的过程中,农业转型发展明显,并且农业种植结构沿着更合理的方向调整。2农作物种植结构总体变化较小,各乡镇农作物种植结构变化较大,乡镇层面的研究对土地生产率提高具有十分重要的意义;结构变化指数地域分异明显,总体呈现南大北小的态势。3农作物种植专业化程度提高,尤其是农作物播种面积相对较小的乡镇专业化指数较高。大宗农产品的专业化程度较低,经济作物专业化程度较高,部分农作物更专业化于一个乡镇。4地势较为平坦的浅山丘陵地区主要农作物种植结构变化表现为以优势农作物种植的下降、其他农作物种植的上升为主;地势较高的山区丘陵区则表现为优势农作物发生更替,导致较大结构变化,但对专业化程度影响不大。

This paper takes Gongyi City of Henan Province as the example, and selects Location Quotient （LQ）, specialization index and the structural change index to analyze the specialized degree and structural changes of the major agricultural products in Gongyi. The findings are as followed： 1）The transformation of agriculture is obvious although the agriculture shows an overall contraction. And the cropping structure of cultivated plants is more reasonable than before. 2） The cropping structure there changes slightly on the whole, while the situations of the townships are on the contrary, township-level researches have important implications for improving land productivity; the structural change index differs in region, showing a state of high in south and low in north. 3）The overall specialization level of crop cultivation has a distinct enhancement, especially in the towns with relatively small crop planting areas. The specialization level of primary agricultural products is lower, but that of economic crops is relatively high, and some crops even boom only in one town. 4）The main planting structure in hilly areas have such changes： the superior crops are reduced and other crops are increased; The relative higher mountainous hilly regions plant the superior crops in turn, causing bigger structural changes, but this trend has little effect on the degree of specialization.