大都市传统工业区休闲旅游转型对城市功能演化的影响

Impact of Leisure Tourism Transformation in Metropolitan Traditional Industrial Zone on Urban Function Evolution

休闲旅游发展对城市功能演化影响巨大,是大都市传统工业区转型复兴的主要方向之一。文章分析了大都市传统工业区的发展特征及其与城市功能演化的对应关系,并以北京石景山区首钢工业区为例加以验证说明。研究认为:1大都市传统工业区休闲旅游转型在提供大规模服务性岗位、保护利用工业遗产、引导商业服务业发展和优化人居环境等方面具有独特优势,是促进该区域经济社会复兴的重要手段。2在工业化到后工业发展过程中,大都市传统工业区发展会经历工业成长阶段、工业衰落阶段和休闲旅游复兴三个阶段,分别对应着独立功能组团与分离式发展、工业功能退出与多中心发展、休闲旅游功能植入与城市功能组团多元化发展三个阶段性特征。3北京石景山区首钢工业区的空间演化模式由工业独立组团到工城(工业—城市)融合,走向组团分化(工业组团、商业组团、休闲娱乐组团的相对独立),再到组团渗透(不同产业组团之间的功能交织与渗透),休闲旅游逐渐成为城市主导功能之一,充分体现出这种空间演化模式。

The development of leisure tourism has a huge impact on the evolution of urban functions, and it is one of the main directions of the revival of traditional industrial transformation. The paper analyzed the development characteristics of traditional industrial zone of metropolis and the corresponding relations with the evolution of urban functions, and verified them with the example of Shougang Industrial Zone in Shijingshan District of Beijing. It concluded that： （1） the leisure tourism in the traditional industrial zone of metropolis has advantages in providing large-scale service jobs, protecting and utilizing industrial heritage, guiding business service development and optimizing residential environment. It is an important means to promote the renewal of economy and society. （2） in the process of industrialization to post-industrialization, the development of metropolitan traditional industry zone will experience three phases, namely industry growth phase, decline phase and leisure travel phase, with their respectively corresponding characteristics of independent function groups and separated development, the exit of industrial function and polycentric development, and leisure tourism function and the development of the diversification of functional groups. （3） the spatial evolution mode of Shougang Industrial Zone in Shijingshan District of Beijing evolved from independent industrial groups to the integration of industry and city, to the group differentiation （the relative independence of industrial groups, business groups and entertainment group）, then to the group infiltration （function interweave and infiltration between different industrial groups）, and leisure tourism has become one of the leading functions of the city, which fully reflects the development law. The findings can provide theoretical references for the development law and reform practice of leisure tourism development in the metropolitan traditional industrial zone.