重大决策社会稳定风险评估路径的优化:公众参与环节的再思考

Path Optimality of Social Stability Risk Assessment:Rethinking of the Public Participation

当前重大决策社会稳定风险评估的路径存在着评估目标设定狭隘、评估参与的知识壁垒和评估形式主义等弊端。有必要借鉴协商民主的理论分析框架为优化"稳评"的路径提供指导,构建一个理想型的"稳评"公众参与流程。通过前期准备、预备工作坊、公开讨论、焦点讨论和报告回应等五个环节细化公众参与"稳评"的方法,运用多次政策辩论与循环的过程,达到意见表述、立场阐明、弥合分歧并最终形成有效共识的评估目标。这一理想模型的实际应用会受到公众能力、民主决策成本、政治文化路径依赖以及民粹主义的强大张力等因素的影响,需要实务部门在实践中不断检验和反馈,才能更为有效地为"稳评"工作服务。

In the current China＇s social stability risk assessment, there are such shortcomings as the narrow goal setting, the assessment of the participation of the knowledge barriers and evaluation of formalism. It is necessa- ry to draw on the theoretical framework of deliberative democracy to construct an ideal model of public participation process. Five steps, namely, the preparation, preparation workshop, open discussion, focus discussion and report response, can be used to refine public participation, and multiple policy debates and cycle process can be applied to achieve assessment objectives, including expressing views, clarifying position, bridging the differences, and de- veloping consensus. The practical application of this model will be influenced by the ability of the public, the cost of democratic decision-making, the path dependence of political culture and the strong tension of the populist. More effective risk assessment needs pragmatic departments＇ continuous testing and feedback.