中国国家湿地博物馆环境解说有效性评估

The Effectiveness of Environmental Interpretation in National Wetland Museum of China

为了解我国湿地博物馆环境解说有效性，选取杭州西溪中国国家湿地博物馆，对其环境解说系统有效性进行评估。采用随机抽样方式分别选取参观博物馆前和参观后离开的300名游客开展问卷调查，针对馆内解说员，解说牌、影像放映、电脑触屏，模拟湿地景观，实物模型和解说手册等7项解说媒介，量化分析游客在游览前对各项解说媒介重要性的认知及游览后实际体验。基于IPA分析法，得出游客对中国国家湿地博物馆的环境解说整体满意度均值为4．17，总体上肯定了该博物馆的解说成效，其中满意度最高的解说媒介是实物模型（均值4．31），满意度最低的解说媒介是解说手册（均值4．03）。进一步分析了中国国家湿地博物馆在解说方面的不足，提出了完善解说员服务设施、优化解说牌的合理布置及引导功能、适当弱化多媒体解说媒介的应用．增强湿地模拟景观解说系统的互动性及增加博物馆解说资料的发放5个方面的具体建议。

In order to understand the effectiveness of environmental interpretation for the wetland museums in China, the National Wetland Museum of China located at Xixi in Hangzhou was chosen as a case to develop a methodology for its effectiveness assessment. A total of 600 questionnaires were randomly distributed consisting of two sets of 300 ones each to the visitors before and after visiting the museum. The assessment included seven interpretation measures, i.e., museum guides, interpretive panels, experience cinema, touch screen, diorama, traditional museum products and printed materials intending to quantitatively analyse visitors＇ awareness of the importance of environmental interpretation before the visit and their physical experience after the visit. The result of the IPA analysis showed that the average value of visitors＇ satisfaction was 4.71 indicating that the visitors were satisfied with the interpretation in general. Among all the interpretation media, the visitors were most satisfied with the traditional museum products but least satisfied with the printed materials, with the average values of 4.31 and 4.03, respectively. The interpretation weakness of the National Wetland Museum of China was further analysed and five suggestions were then given as follows： upgrading the interpretive facilities, optimising arrangement and guiding function of the interpretive panels, weakening the usage of multimedia aptly, improving interaction of the diorama and enhancing distribution of the interpretive materials.