围孕期营养因素与先天性心脏病发病的关系

Relationship between periconceptional nutritional factors and the risk of congenital heart defects

先天性心脏病是人体在胚胎发育时期受各种因素影响导致心脏及血管发育异常的先天性畸形。先天性心脏病是人类最常见的先天畸形，是导致婴儿发病和病死的重要原因。即使可以经过外科手术矫治畸形，先天性心脏病患儿也要面临各种手术并发症甚至疾病复发的风险，给社会带来巨大的经济压力。目前普遍认为先天性心脏病的发生受遗传因素和环境因素的共同影响。近年来围孕期营养因素与先天性心脏病的发病关系成为研究热点。研究结果显示，叶酸及其他围孕期营养素与先天性心脏病的发生有密切关系，围孕期母亲适当补充这些营养素可降低子代先天性心脏病的发生风险。该文就叶酸、维生素A、锌、维生素B、维生素E围孕期关键营养因素与先天性心脏病的关系，从病因、发病机制及预防方面进行综述，为疾病的预防提供基础。

Congenital heart defects （CHD） is one of congenital malformations affected by various factors during embryonic development, which leads to heart or vascular abnormalities. CHD is the most common con- genital malformations, and it is an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality. CHD can be corrected by surgery. But surgery may also lead to a variety of surgical complications and even the risk of disease recurrence, which has brought enormous economic burden. It is widely recognized that the incidence of congenital heart de- fects is caused by the combined effect of genetic factors and environmental factors. In recent years, growing at- tention has been paid to the correlation between maternal periconceptional nutritional factors and the risk of neo- natal congenital heart defects. Recent research suggests that the incidence of CHD is associated with supplements including folio acid, vitamin A and zinc, and maternal factors may reduce or prevent the incidence of CHD by getting the supplements of these nutrients appropriately during periconceptional period. This article reviews the correlation between periconceptional nutritional factors （folic acid, vitamin A, zinc, vitamin B, Vitamin E）and the risk of congenital heart defects. Their etiology, pathogenesis and prevention measures are also discussed.