不同遮荫处理对荞麦幼苗生长的影响

Effects of different shade treatments on seedling growth of buckwheat

【目的】筛选适合不同荞麦品种幼苗生长的遮荫条件,为荞麦的高效栽培及资源保护提供理论依据。【方法】以两个甜荞品种(丰甜1号和赤峰1号)和两个苦荞品种(川荞1号和西荞1号)为试验材料,设置0%(全光照)、30%、75%和91%等4个遮荫度处理,测定不同遮荫处理下各荞麦品种的成苗率及幼苗生长指标。【结果】4个荞麦品种成苗率均表现为30%遮荫度>75%遮荫度>0%(全光照)>91%遮荫度,且差异均达显著水平(P<0.05,下同)。甜荞品种在75%遮荫度及苦荞品种在91%遮荫度时,幼苗苗高和茎高最高,茎围和根粗最粗,主根最长;0%(全光照)处理下的苗高、茎高、主根长和根粗均为最低值。不同遮荫处理下,4个荞麦品种幼苗的生物量表现趋势一致,均为30%遮荫度>0%(全光照)>75%遮荫度>91%遮荫度,其中30%遮荫处理下的茎干重、叶干重和地上部干重均显著高于其他处理。【结论】适度遮荫有利于荞麦种子的萌发及幼苗的生长。出苗期可选择30%的遮荫度,在幼苗生长后期,甜荞和苦荞分别以选择75%和91%的遮荫度为宜。

[ Objective ]In order to give some suggestions on buckwheat resources protection and development,the pre- sent study was conducted to screen suitable shading conditions for different buckwheat varieties. [ Method ]Two common buckwheat varieties（Fengtian 1 and Chifeng 1） and two tartary buckwheat（Chuanqiao 1 and Xiqiao 1 ） were taken as ma- terials, and their survival seedling rates and seedling growth indexes were determined under four different shade treatments [0% （full exposure）, 30% shade degree, 75% shade degree and 91% shade degree ]. [ Result ]Results showed that, four dif- ferent shade treatments were ranked in order of survival seedling rates of four buckwheat varieties ： 30% shade degree〉75% shade degree〉0% （full exposure）〉91% shade degree, with significant difference （P〈0.05 ,the same below）. Common buck- wheat under 75% shade treatment and tartary buckwheat under 91% shade treatment showed the highest seedling height and stem height,the biggest stem and root girth ,and the longest taproot,and buckwheat under 0% （full exposure） shade treatment showed the lowest seedling height and stem height, the smallest stem and root girth, and the shortest taproot. Four different shade treatments were ranked in order of seedling biomass of four buckwheat varieties ： 30% of shade degree〉0% （full exposure）〉75% shade degree 〉91% shade degree. Under 30% shade treatment,the dry weights of stem ,leaf and overground part were significantly higher than those under other treatments. [ Conclusion ] Moderate shade can be conducive to seed germination and seedling growth of buckwheat. 30% shade degree is selected at seedling stage. 75% and 91% shade degree are good for common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat in the late seedling growth, respectively.