民本非民主——定性黄宗羲政治思想的现实影响

People-Orientation is not Democracy——Qualitative Study of The Realistic Influence of Huang Zongxi 's Political Thought

民主与专制是相对的一级概念,民本是专制下面的二级概念。统治目的的一致性无法将民本变成民主,统治主体的差异严格界分了民本和民主。黄宗羲虽然将民本推到了极致,但其政治哲学思想仍然没有跳出孔孟民本的思路和范畴。民本是一种"定对目标选错道路"的空想,永远无法到达"利民"的目的地,因为其一旦进入实践,必然被君主改造成外儒内法的伪民本。如果把民本当成民主,就会让一种"名为民主实为专制"的东西成为政治体制改革的指导思想,其结果将是不但不能实现民主的目标,而且还会败坏民主的名声。所以,将包括黄宗羲政治哲学思想在内的民本思想与民主思想严格界分是非常必要的。

Democracy and despotism are relative first - level concepts, and people - orientation is the sec- ondary concept of authoritarianism. Consistency of the purpose of the rule of law cannot change people - orien- tation into democracy, and the main difference of the main body sets the strict boundaries between people -o- rientation and democracy. Although Huang Zongxi pushed the people - orientation to the extreme, his political philosophy still cannot stand out of the idea and scope of the Confucius and Mencius. People - orientation is a fantasy of ＂wrong road of the right destination＂, and will never be able to reach the destination of benefiting thee people, because once it is put into practice, and the monarch will inevitably transform it into the pseudo - people - orientation disguised as Confucian. If the people -orientation is viewed as democracy, and it will make autocracy, disguised as a democracy, become the guiding ideology of political reform, and the result will not only fail to achieve the goal of democracy, but also undermine the reputation of democracy. Therefore, it is necessary to set a very strict boundary between people - oriented thought including Huang Zongxi＇ s political philosophy and democratic ideology.