广东省水库消落带几种植物对淹水环境适应性的模拟研究

Simulation Study on the Adaptability of Several Plants in Hydro-fluctuation Belt of Reservoirs in Guangdong Province

模拟了周调节水库的消落情况，对几种植物的水淹环境适应性进行评价和筛选。结果表明：周调节水库消落带上单种的香根草、狗牙根、蓉草的各项形态指标均比岸坡未受淹的植株低20％～50％，香根草、狗牙根、蓉草的生长和繁殖受到水淹环境的抑制；百喜草的各项形态指标则与岸坡上的无显著差异，说明百喜草能较好地适应短时间的水淹环境；香根草和百喜草在整个试验期内都保持较高的成活率；经过一段适应期后，香根草和百喜草生长稳定，而随着冬季的到来，香根草和百喜草的生长速度变缓，覆盖率逐渐降低，保持在30％～40％左右，且在春季发芽恢复生长；蓉草和狗牙根在冬季成活率较低，且明显低于岸坡未受淹的蓉草和狗牙根；春季狗牙根能够重新发芽生长，但蓉草复绿较少。总体来看，香根草、百喜草、狗牙根可作为水淹时长较短的消落带的植被恢复备选植物。

This study is aimed to evaluate the adaptation of several aquatic vegetation species to the fluctuation of reservoir, which was manually regulated nearly every week. So that, the best adapted species could be identified and used for vegetation restoration. The results show the average 20 - 50% lower of indicators for all the applied species in this study on hydro-fluctuation belt than that on banks, i.e. , Vetiveria zizanioides, Vetiveria zizauioides, Leersia oryzoides, which indicates the limited influence of the fluctuating water table on the well-being of those species. No significant difference of Paspalum natatu on the hydro-fluctuation belt and banks shows its short-time adaptation to the underwater environment. During the experiment period, relative high survival rate of Vetiveria zizanioides and Paspalum natatu was observed in this study. By adapting to the changing environment, they follow a steady growth till the winter. A decreasing coverage was observed in winter and stabilized in 30 -40%. On the next spring, Vetiveria zizanioides show a better resproute rate than that of Leersia oryzoides. In conclusion, Vetiveria zizanioides, Paspalum natatu, Vetiveria zizanioides can be used for vegetation restoration in Hydro-fluctuation belt of weekly regulation reservoirs.