风险决策的神经机制:基于啮齿类动物研究

Neural mechanisms of risky decision-making based on rodent research

风险决策是在不同选项的结果确定、并且结果出现的概率已知情况下的决策。啮齿类风险决策模型研究发现前额皮层-杏仁核-伏隔核神经环路联系是决定风险决策的选择倾向的关键。前额皮层中的眶额皮层和内侧前额皮层参与风险决策的策略形成和策略转换有关;而皮层下核团中的杏仁核、腹侧纹状体的伏隔核等结构参与策略保持、价值判断,影响决策偏向和行动强度;眶额皮层、伏隔核神经元和多巴胺神经元编码风险决策过程中的概率、风险等因素;此外,多巴胺等单胺类神经递质及受体在风险决策中有复杂的作用。

Risk-based Decision making is to choose between options with known outcomes and certain distribution of possibilities. Previous research, based on rodent models, has found that prefrontal-limbic- striatal circuits are the critical substance of Risk-based Decision making. Specifically, orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex mainly contribute to the decisions formulation and flexibility of switching among a variety of strategies. While the basolateral amygdala and the nucleus accumbens are mostly involved in maintaining strategies and evaluating their values, mediating the preference to different options and adjusting the intensity of action. Besides, orbitofrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and dopaminergic neurons encode probabilities and risky information in the course of Risk-based Decision making. Furthermore, dopamine and some other monoamine neurotransmitters also exert complex effects on Risk-based Decision making in both receptor-type specific and brain-region specific ways.