木屑菇渣复配基质理化性状分析及其对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

Physical and Chemical Properties of Compounded Sawdust Mushroom Residue Substrate and Its Effects on Growth of Cucumber Seedlings

本试验以草炭与蛭石体积比为2∶1的基础基质为对照,设计了1.5、1、0.5、0倍体积的基础基质分别与0.5、1、1.5、2倍体积的木屑菇渣配比的4个处理（T1、T2、T3、T4）,对其基本理化性状进行了分析,并研究了其对黄瓜幼苗生长发育和幼苗质量的影响。结果表明,各菇渣配方处理随菇渣含量的增加,容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙度均呈递减趋势,而通气孔隙度则呈上升趋势;所有处理气水比在1∶2.02~1∶2.43之间;p H值、EC值和碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均随着菇渣比例增加而明显升高,p H值在4.25~7.03之间,EC值在2.64~5.01之间,氮磷钾营养含量丰富。不同菇渣基质配方对黄瓜幼苗壮苗指数影响值由大到小依次为T1〉T2〉T3〉CK〉T4,说明T1、T2和T3均可取代草炭-蛭石基础基质配方,其中T2、T3取代率分别达50%、75%,可列为优选配方。

In this study,the basic medium with volume ratio of peat to vermiculite as 2∶ 1 was chosen as control,and 4 compounded substrates were designed by adding mushroom residue of 0. 5,1,1. 5 and 2 times volume. Their physical and chemical properties were analyzed,and the effects on growth and quality of cucumber seedlings were studied. The results showed that with the increase of mushroom residue in the four designed prescriptions,the bulk density,total porosity and water- holding porosity decreased gradually,while the aeration porosity showed a trend of increase. For all treatments,the air- water ratio was 1 ∶ 2. 02 ~1∶ 2. 43,the p H value was 4. 25 ~ 7. 03,the EC value was 2. 64 ~ 5. 01,and they all contained rich NPK nutrients. The p H,EC value and contents of alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium all increased with the increase of mushroom residue content. For different treatments,the healthy index of cucumber seedlings appeared in a descending order as T1〉 T2 〉T3〉 CK〉 T4. It indicated that T1,T2 and T3 treatment could substitute the basic medium of peat and vermiculite,among which,T2 and T3 treatment with the replacement rate of mushroom residue as 50% and 75% were considered as ideal candidates.