“非遗”中的互为主体与人类学的社会担当

Inter-subjectivity in Intangible Cultural Heritage and Social Play in Anthropology

"非遗"的提出和人类学的发展密切相关:人类学先有殖民色彩,后有学科反思,开始突出本土人的主体性,强调对本土文化的浓描,当下又提出担当人类学的口号。"非遗"项目继承了人类学对本土文化的关注,怀同情之心,行善良之举,帮助本土人传承有形资财和无形资财。但"非遗"人士要回答这样一个问题:谁之"非遗"?就像人类学是人人共享的一样,"非遗"也是人人共享的。担当人类学已经在"非遗"项目中扮演角色,在突出本土主体性的同时,也要承认政府和学者的主体性,互为主体,互为条件,以便促成人人之"非遗"的重叠共识。

The proposal of the concept of ＂intangible cultural heritage＂is closely related with the development of anthropology,in that anthropology first focused on the studies of colonialism and then started to make introspection on its discipline; it first highlighted the subjectivity of the natives,emphasizing local culture; and now it puts forward the slogan of the role played by anthropology. The intangible cultural heritage project inherits the anthropological concern over local culture,helping the natives inherit both tangible and intangible assets with sympathy and benign act. However,scholars of intangible cultural heritage should answer the question of to whom the intangible cultural heritage belongs. Anthropology is shared by all people,in the same way,intangible cultural heritage also belongs to all people. Anthropology has a role to play in the project of intangible cultural heritage,while highlighting the local subjectivity,it also acknowledges the subjectivity of the government and scholars,inter-subjectivity and interaction,so as to set up the overlapping consensus that intangible cultural heritage belongs to all people.