“旅游绅士化”与农耕文化遗产地可持续发展——以联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)世界遗产地元阳梯田为例

Tourism Gentrification and the Sustainable Development of the Heritage Sites of Farming Culture——A Case Study of UNESCO World Heritage Site: the Rice Terraces in Yuanyang County of Yunnan

根据旅游利益相关群体对旅游绅士化产生的影响及其规律性,可将旅游绅士化划分为强制绅士化、无序绅士化和有序绅士化三种类型。强制绅士化是强势的利益相关者所推动,对当地的环境和社会文化有较大负面影响。无序绅士化主要由外来投资商、游客等引起,缺乏对当地文化和环境的自觉保护。有序绅士化通常借助政府与外来精英的力量,帮助原住居民参与旅游发展,强调旅游开发的循序渐进和原住居民的参与和受益。有序绅士化是农耕遗产地原住居民村落旅游业可持续发展的出路。

Tourism gentrification can be classified into three types,i. e. imposed,disorganized,and organized gentrification based on the influence of relevant stakeholders and the orderliness of the process.Imposed gentrification is led by prominent and powerful stakeholders, primarily aiming at economic development and financial gains. It might lead to severe negative impacts. Disorganized gentrification is led by individual external investors and tourists,who lack the understanding of the importance of conserving local culture and natural environment. Organized gentrification demonstrates a collaborative approach by which the government and external elites contribute their knowhow,capital,and experience in helping the local residents to participant in tourism development. It emphasizes an orderly development of tourism resources with a high level of local residents＇ participation and benefits. Thereby,it is the only sustainable gentrification in rural tourism with indigenous agricultural heritage.