灌溉与干旱条件下甘蔗工农艺性状的相关性分析与品种抗旱性评价

Drought resistance evaluation and correlation analysis of agronomic and quality traits of sugarcane under irrigated and rain-fed conditions

以8个云蔗(CYZ06–407、CYZ05–226、CYZ04–622、CYZ04–724、CYZ03–258、CYZ03–103、CYZ02–588、CYZ01–1413),3个新台糖系列(ROC22、ROC16、ROC10),2个粤糖系列(CYT93–159、CYT00–236),1个桂糖品种(CGT11),1个古巴引进品种(C266–70)等甘蔗品种为材料,设自然降雨(干旱)、正常灌水(灌溉)2个处理,通过测定蔗产量、株高、茎径、单茎重、有效茎、糖产量、蔗糖分、锤度、简纯度、纤维分10个工、农艺性状指标,采用抗旱指数(DRI)、相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析方法,研究干旱、灌溉条件下甘蔗工、农艺性状间的相关性,并对参试品种的抗旱性、抗旱类型进行综合评价与划分。结果表明:干旱、灌溉条件下,糖产量与蔗产量、有效茎呈极显著正相关,与单茎重呈显著正相关;干旱条件下,糖产量与株高呈极显著正相关;灌溉条件下,糖产量与蔗糖分呈极显著正相关,与纤维分呈极显著负相关;参试品种10个工、农艺性状抗旱指数的主成分析将10个指标简化为产量因子、糖分因子、单株因子和品质因子4个主成分,累计贡献率为86.287%;基于主成分分析结果,对参试品种抗旱性进行聚类分析,将其划分为5个类群,C266–70抗旱性突出,CYZ03–258、CYZ04–622抗旱性强,ROC22、CGT11抗旱性较强,CYT00–236、CYZ03–103、CYZ04–724、CYZ02–588、CYZ05–226、ROC16抗旱性中等,CYZ01–1413、CYT93–159、CYZ06–407、ROC10抗旱性较弱。

15 sugarcane genotypes,which 8 from Yunnan（CYZ06–407, CYZ05–226, CYZ04–622, CYZ04–724, CYZ03–258, CYZ03–103, CYZ02–588 and CYZ01–1413）, 3 from Taiwan（ROC22, ROC16 and ROC10）, 2 from Guangdong（CYT93–159 and CYT00–236）, 1 from Guangxi（CGT11）and 1 from Cuba（C266–70）, were used as materials. 2 Treatments of irrigated and rain-fed conditions were designed and 10 agronomic and quality traits including cane yield, stalk height, stalk diameter, stalk weight, number of millable stalk, sugar yield, sucrose content, brix, simple purity and fiber content were measured during maturity under irrigated and rain–fed conditions. Drought resistance index（DRI）, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and clustering analysis were used to study the correlation of agronomic and quality traits of sugarcane and evaluate the drought resistance and classify drought resistance type. The result showed that sugar yield was closely linked to cane yield（P0.01）, number of millable stalks（P0.01） and stalk weight（P0.05） under both conditions. Significantly positive correlation（P0.01） was found between sugar yield and stalk height under the rain–fed condition. Sugar yield was significantly positively related to sucrose content（P0.05）, but was significantly negatively related to fiber content（P0.05） under irrigation conditions. 10 traits of agronomic and quality were simplified into 4 principal elements by principal component analysis, which provided 86.287% contribution. Based on the results of principal component, the drought resistance of 15 sugarcane genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters： super strong（C266–70）, stronger（CYZ03–258 and CYZ04–622）, strong（CGT11 and ROC22）, medium（CYT00–236, CYZ03–103, CYZ04–724, CYZ02–588, CYZ05–226 and ROC16） and weak（ CYZ01–1413, CYT93– 159, CYZ06–407 and ROC10）.