16种杀菌剂组合对核桃炭疽病和黑斑病的防控效果

Field efficacy trial for sixteen fungicide groups against walnut anthracnose and black spot

2013年,调查了四川省石棉县核桃炭疽病和黑斑病发病情况,并选用4种杀菌剂(25%咪酰胺乳油、20%噻唑锌悬浮剂、70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂、100%链霉素可湿性粉剂)配成16种组合对核桃炭疽病与黑斑病进行田间防效试验。结果表明:7月中旬核桃炭疽病和黑斑病大面积暴发,果实发病较叶片快,至8月26日,核桃果实炭疽病和黑斑病病情指数分别为54.22和41.15,叶片的病情指数分别为35.08和32.54;25%咪酰胺乳油1 000倍液+70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂1 000倍液对叶片黑斑病防效最佳;25%咪酰胺乳油500倍液+70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂1 000倍液对果实炭疽病和黑斑病的防效最佳;20%噻唑锌悬浮剂400倍液+70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂1 000倍液对叶片炭疽病的防效最佳;100%链霉素可湿性粉剂3 000倍液+70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂1 000倍液、25%咪酰胺乳油1 000倍液+70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂1 000倍液和20%噻唑锌悬浮剂1 000倍液+70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂1 000倍液都能较好地提高保果率和增产率。

In 2013, the situation of the walnut infected by anthracnose and black spot in Shimian county were surveyed, and 4 kinds of fungicides（70% thiophanate-methyl, 25% prochloraz, 20% zinc thiazole, 100% streptomycin） were screened out, which were combined into 16 groups to prevent walnut anthracnose and black spot in the fields. The result showed： in mid-July, a large outbreak of walnut anthracnose and black spot was occurred and the developing speed of the disease on the fruits was faster than that on the leaves. On August 26 th, the disease index of anthracnose and black spot were 54.22 and 41.15 respectively on the fruit, and 35.08 and 32.54 respectively on the leaves. 25% prochloraz diluted 1 000 times＋70% thiophanate-methyl diluted 1000 times had the best control efficiency to black spot on the leaves. 25% prochloraz diluted 500 times＋70% thiophanate-methyl diluted 1 000 times had the best control efficiency to anthracnose and black spot on the fruits. 20% zinc thiazole diluted 400 times＋70% thiophanate-methyl diluted 1 000 times had the best control efficiency to anthracnose on the leaves. 100% streptomycin diluted 3 000 times＋70% thiophanate-methyl diluted 1 000 times, 25% prochloraz diluted 1 000 times＋70% thiophanate-methyl diluted 1 000 times and 20% zinc thiazole diluted 1 000 times＋70% thiophanate-methyl diluted 1 000 times could improve the rate of fruit retention and the rate of increase output well.