论碳排放权的法律性质

Study of Legal Status of Carbon Emission Right

碳排放权的法律性质不仅直接影响碳排放权交易市场的健康发展,而且影响其他法律部门。从碳排放权立法的国际经验来看,多数国家对碳排放权的法律性质缺乏明确的定性。学理上,国外有关碳排放权学说主要有财产权说和规制权说,国内有关碳排放权的学说主要有物权说和新财产权说。财产权说、物权说和新财产权说主要侧重碳排放者的权益保护,而规制权说更加注重政府的灵活管理。根据制度绩效这一新的分析视角,我国气候变化立法应将碳排放权规定为规制权,这样规定更加符合我国国情。

The legal status of carbon emission right impacts not only the development of carbon emission right exchange, but also other legal fields. From the international experience of carbon emission right legislation, a lot of countries do not define the legal status of carbon emission right. In theory, the carbon emission right doctrine is divided into property right doctrine and regulatory right doctrine abroad, and the carbon emission right doctrine is divided into real right doctrine and new regulatory right doctrine in China. Property right doctrine, real right doctrine and regulatory right doctrine focus on interest protection of carbon emitter, and regulatory right theory pay attention to the government＇s contingency management.