不同益生菌制剂对肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响

Effects of Different Probiotics on Production Performance,Immunologic Function and Gut Bacteria of Broiler Chickens

为探讨不同益生菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响。选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡400只,随机分为4组。对照组A饲喂基础日粮,B、C、D试验组在基础日粮中按照1mL/kg比例分别添加乳酸菌、丁酸菌和复合菌制剂,预试期5d,正试期35d,测定各组生产性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群数量。结果表明：（1）D组可提高日增重和降低料重比（P〈0.05）,B、C组在后期（26~40日龄）降低料重比（P〈0.05）;（2）在26日龄和40日龄,B、D组能提高免疫器官指数（P〈0.05）,C组在40日龄可提高脾脏指数和法氏囊指数（P〈0.05）;（3）D组抗体效价最高,在26、40日龄显著高于A组（P〈0.05）;4）不同益生菌均可增加盲肠内乳酸菌的数量（P〈0.05）,降低盲肠内大肠杆菌的数量（P〈0.05）。由试验可知,日粮中添加乳酸菌、丁酸菌和复合菌均可促进肉鸡的生产性能,增强免疫功能,改善肠道菌群,其中复合菌优于乳酸菌,复合菌协同共生、优势互补,应用效果比单一菌剂更显著。

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different probiotics on growth performance, immunologic function and gut bacteria of broiler chicken. 400 one-day-age AA broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups consisting of 4 replicates. The control group A were fed on basal diet, the treatment groups B, C and D were fed basal diet supplemented 1 ml/kg lactobacillus, butyric and complex respectively, and the experiment lasted for 5-day preliminary trial and 35-day formal trail. The production performance, immunologic function and gut bacteria number were measured. The results showed as follows： 1） Broiler chickens in group D showed significantly higher daily body weight gain and lower feed to gain ratio than those in control group（P〈0.05） ： daily gains of group B, C were increased（P〈0.05）, but not significant; and feed to gain ratio in latter phase （26-40d） dropped significantly（P〈0.05）. 2） The thymus index, spleen index and cloacal bursa index were increased in all treatment groups at 12 days, but with no significant differences（P〉0.05）. Group B, D displayed significant increase on the immune organ index at 26 and 40 days. The spleen index and cloacal bursa index were increased in group C at 40 days（P 〈0.05）. 3） The valence of antibody in group D was significantly higher than that of group A. 4） The gut lactobacillus number in cecum of all treatment groups significantly increased（P〈0.05）, and Escherichia coli number in cecum decreased（P〈0.05）. This study indicates that basal diet supplementing probiotics can improve production performance, immunologic function and gut bacteria, and complex works significantly better than lactobacillus, while lactobacillus is better than butyric but with no significant difference. Because of coordinate symbiosis and complementary advantages, complex bacteria showed significant effects than single bacterium agent.