不同养分增效剂对玉米产量和养分利用的影响

Effects of different nutrient synergist on yield and nutrients use efficiency of maize

采用田间小区试验方法,研究了不同养分增效剂(机械活化磷、长效复合肥添加剂NAM、聚合氨基酸类肥料增效剂PAA)对玉米产量及养分吸收利用的影响,旨在为提高氮磷肥利用效率,实现玉米的高产高效生产提供科学依据。结果表明:与NPK(常规施肥)处理相比,添加20%机械活化磷的NPK1、添加30%机械活化磷的NPK2、添加NAM的NPK3以及添加PAA的NPK4,干物质累积量分别提高了7.52%,10.59%,6.78%和14.54%,产量也表现出了增加的趋势,尤以NPK3增产效应最为明显,提高了11.83%。此外,养分增效剂的添加还显著促进了玉米植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收,与没有使用增效剂的NPK处理相比,4个处理植株的氮累积量分别提高了6.94%,6.54%,2.82%和9.71%;磷累积量分别提高了10.15%,14.23%,9.18%和14.12%;钾累积量分别提高了13.08%,24.42%,20.22%和34.45%。氮肥利用率以NPK4最高,达42.4%,磷肥利用率以NPK2最高,为25.0%;氮肥和磷肥的农学效率和收获指数则均以NPK3最高。此结果说明,在生产实践中,PAA的添加更有利于促进玉米植株对氮的吸收累积;30%机械活化磷的添加更有利于磷养分的活化,提高磷肥利用效率;而NAM施用后的增产效果最为突出,更有利于养分向籽粒中转移,提高养分的生产效率。

In this paper,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different nutrient synergists on maize yield and nutrients use efficiency. Four treatments were designed for comparison with the conventional fertilizer treatment （NPK）, i. e. , NPK1 added by 20% activated ground phosphate rock, NPK2 added by 30% activated ground phosphate rock, NPK3 added by NAM,and NPK4 added by PAA. The results showed that,compared with NPK,the dry matter accumuiation in NPK1, NPK2, NPK3 and NPK4 increased by 7.52%, 10. 59%,6.78% and 14.54% ,respectively. The yield of NPK3 was the highest with an improvement of 11.83%. Nutrient synergists could increase the nutrient content and accumulation of maize and improve the fertilizer use efficiency. Compared with NPK, N accumulation of NPK1, NPK2, NPK3 and NPK4 increased by 6.94%, 6.54%, 2.82% and 9.71%, P accumulation by 10.15%,14. 23%,9.18% and 14.12%,and K accumulation by 3.08%,24.42%,20.22% and 34.45% ,respectively. In this study, nitrogen utilization efficiency in NPK4 was the highest, which reached to 42.4 %,but the utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer in NPK2 was the highest,which reached to 25.0%. In addition,the agronomic use efficiency and the harvest in- dex of N and P in NPK3 were the highest. This result explains that. the addition of PAA was more favorable for promoting the accumulation of nitrogen in maize, 30% activated ground phosphate rock was more beneficial to the activation of phosphorus, and the application of NAM had obvious effect of yield improvement, with more nutrient transfering to grain and higher nutrient production efficiency.