燕山山地次生阔叶林主要树种的生态位特征

Niche characteristics of the major trees in secondary broad-leaved forest in Yanshan Mountain

为了解区域森林的结构与演替过程,促进森林植被的恢复,以燕山山地次生阔叶林为研究对象,采用样地调查法对主要树种的生态位进行了研究。结果表明,构成林分的树种多样,胡桃楸、黄檗、蒙古栎、春榆、白蜡、糠椴、五角枫等7个树种的生态位宽度较大,适应环境能力强,今后可在本区造林中选择应用。胡桃楸和黄檗在中、下坡位占有较高重要值,紫椴在中、上坡位占有较高重要值,应是其适宜生长的坡位条件。调查林分中各树种间生态位相似性程度处于中等水平,生态位相似程度较高的树种主要集中于处于中、上坡位且生态位宽较高的树种,如白蜡-春榆、糠椴-春榆、蒙古栎-五角枫等,由于林分处于幼龄阶段,各树种间生态位重叠值高,潜在竟争强度较高。

In order to understand the forest structure and evolvement process as well as to accelerate the forest vegetation rehabilitation, the niche characteristics of the major trees was studied by plot investigation in secondary broad-leaved forest in Yanshan Mountain area. The results showed that there are many kinds of tree species in secondary broad-leaved forest. The niche breadth of Juglans mandshurica , Phellodendron amurense , Quercus mongolica , Tilia mandshurica, Ulrnus davidiana, Fraxinus bungeana and Acer mono are higher than other trees, which represents good ability for adapting to the environment and the potential to be used in forest plantation. The importance values of Juglans mandshurica and Phellodendron amurense are higher in middle and lower slopes, while the importance value of Tilia amurensis are higher in middle and upper slopes, which indicates their suitable planting areas. The niche similarities are higher between some tree species which grow in middle and upper slopes and have higher niche breadth, such as Ulrnus davidiana and Fraxinus bungeana , Acer mono and Ulmus davidiana, Quercus rnongolica and Acer mono, etc. Because the forest was in the young stage, the niche overlap is high between many tree species, and therefore the potential competition is high as well.