静电纺PAN纳米纤维膜强力对含油污水过滤性能的影响

Effect of Electrospun PAN Nanofiber Membrane Strength on Oily Wastewater Filtration Properties

采用静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维膜,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察纳米纤维膜形貌与纤维直径,并分析了纳米纤维膜厚度、加入不同质量分数NaCl、接收滚筒转速、热轧和平板硫化热黏合对纳米纤维膜强力、伸长率和含油污水过滤性能的影响.结果表明:随着纺丝厚度的增加,纳米纤维膜强度呈线性增加趋势,伸长率呈先增加后减小趋势;加入NaCl对纳米纤维膜强力的影响不显著;接收滚筒转速越高,沿纤维排列方向的纳米纤维膜强力呈增加趋势,垂直纤维排列方向的则呈减少趋势,两个方向的纳米纤维膜伸长率均呈下降趋势;热轧和平板硫化热黏合是提高纳米纤维膜强力最有效的方式,热轧与平板硫化热黏合方式制备的复合纤维膜的断裂强力为50~60N,断裂伸长率为50%~75%,强力约是纳米纤维膜的60倍,强度是纯纳米纤维膜的10~20倍.此外,平板硫化热黏合的复合纤维膜乳化油截留率高达98.56%,高于聚偏氯乙烯(PVDF)商品超滤膜(97.00%),且纯水通量为4 004L/(m^2·h),因此,平板硫化热黏合复合纤维膜在水处理方面具有巨大的应用潜力.

Polyacrylonitrile（PAN） nanofiber membrane was prepared by the electrospinning. Morphology and diameter of the nanofiber were observed by scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The effect of different thickness, NaCI mass fraction,receiving roller speed, hot-rolled parameters, plate vulcanized parameters was analyzed on the PAN nanofibrous membranes＇ breaking strength, extension at breaking and filtration performance of oily wastewater. The results showed that with the increase of the spinning time, breaking strength of nanofiber membrane showed an linear increasing trend, while the elongation was increased first, decreased then. The increasing of breaking strength of nanofiber membrane through adding salt was notsignificant. Nanofiber membrane breaking tenacity along therotary direction increased with the increasing of roller speed, while films breaking tenacity of perpendicular to rotary directionand extension at breaking of the two directions decreased with the increasing of roller speed. Hot-rolled and plate vulcanized composite membranes were effective ways to increase the breaking strength of nanofiber membranes. Breaking strength with a range between 50 N and 60 N and extension at break with a range between 50% and 75% of hot-rolled and plate vulcanized composite membranes were more than 60 times higher than that of pure nanofiber membranes, and breaking tenacity with a range between 10 and 20 was also higher than that of pure nanofiber membranes. In addition, rejection efficiency of plate vulcanized composite membranes was as high as 98.56% which was higher than rejection efficiency （97.00%） of the PVDF commercial ultra-filtration membranes. The pure water flux was 4 004 L/（m2.h）. So plate vulcanized composite membranes have a great potential in water treatment.