开封市五区四县糖尿病患者危险因素及流行病学特征分析

Analysis on risk factors and epidemiological characteristics of diabetes in five districts and four counties in Kaifeng

目的调查分析开封地区糖尿病的流行情况,为控制糖尿病和制定相应的预防措施提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样和方便抽样相结合的抽样方法,抽取开封市五区四县辖区内常住居民成年人群为研究对象,以中华医学会糖尿病学分会发布的糖尿病和代谢综合征随访问卷为基础编制调查表,调查表主要包括人口统计学特征、一般情况、生活方式及饮食情况、文化程度、家庭收入、主要疾病诊断及治疗情况等,对其特点进行统计分析。结果开封地区糖尿病发病率11.30%,男女比率相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),患者的平均发病年龄为(47.7±12.8)岁。老年人所占比例最高,年龄分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖尿病发病率城区明显高于县镇,其发病受文化程度、家庭年收入、吸烟、BMI及是否患高血压等因素影响较大。结论文化程度、家庭年收入、吸烟是开封地区糖尿病患病的最主要危险因素。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological situation of diabetes in Kaifeng city, and to provide evidence for preventing and controlling diabetes. Methods Using a combination of random sampling and convenient sampling methods for selecting permanent adult residents within five urban districts and four rural counties as the research subjects. The questionnaire was prepared based on the guidance of the diabetes and metabolic syndrome issued by Chinese Medical Association Diabetes Branch. The questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, general condition, lifestyle and dietary custom, education, family income, hisotory the diagnosis and treatment of major diseases. The statistical analysis was carried on based on these characteristics. Results The morbidity of diabetes in Kaifeng city was 11.3%, which has no significant difference between male and female （P〉0.05）. The average onset age of diabetes was （47.7±12.8）. the propotion of the olderly was the highest and the age distribution was statistically significant （P〈0.05）, but the morbidity in urban districts was significantly higher than that of rural counties, which was associated with total family income, education level, annual family income, smoking behavior, Body Mass Index （BMI） and hypertension. Conclusions Education level, family income, smoking behavior were the key risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Kaifeng.