湖南省南洞庭湖区湘阴县藠头与辣椒气候适宜性指标和气象服务探讨

Discussion on Climate Suitability Indexes and Meteorological Services of Allium chinense and Capsicum annuum L.in Xiangyin County in South Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province

利用湖南省湘阴国家基本气象站近45年(1971-2015年)的气候资料,分析了湖南省南洞庭湖区湘阴县藠头与辣椒气象影响因素。据分析,近年黑白霜冻、春寒或倒春寒、5月低温、连阴雨在减弱,冬酣程度略在减弱;但冰冻灾害略增多、增强,高温热害发生频率提高,干旱频率和重度干旱频率都在增加。通过对80%稳定通过≥10℃、≥15℃、≥20℃的初日和初终日期统计分析,发现因气候变暖影响,早春相对以前温暖些。藠头和辣椒生产防低温、冷害、寒害和湿害气候有明显好转,但藠头苗期防冻害,辣椒采收期防高温、干旱等单一或复合灾害仍不能忽视。

The meteorological factors ofA lli,~m chinense and Capsicum annuum L. in Xiangyin County in Soutil Dongting Lake area of Hunan Province were analyzed, by using climatological data for the last 45 years （1971-2015） of Xiangyin National Basic Weather Station in Hunan Province. The results showed that in recent years, the black and white frost, cold or cold in late spring, low temperature in May, even the rain in the weakened, and winter intoxicated degree slightly weakened; but frozen disasters increased and enhanced slightly, and frequency of heat damage improved, drought frequency and severe drought frequency increased. By the statistical analysis on the beginning of the date and the end date of the 80% stability through ≥ 10℃, ≥15℃, ≥20℃ , found that due to the impact of climate warming, early spring relative to the previous warmth. The production of A llium chinense and Capsicum annuum L. had a marked improvement by preventing low temperature, chilling injury, cold damage and wet climate, but it was still could not be ignored that anti-freeze injury in seedling stage of A llium chinense, and anti-high temperature, drought and other single or complex disasters in harvest period of Capsicum annuum L.