某车型后端低速碰撞的安全性能分析及优化

Simulation and Performance Optimization of a Car Under Low-speed Rear End Impacts

根据GB 17354—1998法规要求对某车型进行了低速后碰撞的仿真分析,结果不满足法规要求。针对分析结果提出了一种改进方案,经过分析,采用新方案的车型满足法规性能要求。但基于经验的设计方案并不能代表最优解,以影响后端碰撞性能的关键组件材料厚度为设计变量,质量为目标函数,建立了二阶响应面近似模型,并选用自适应响应面法(Adaptive Response Surface Method,ARSM)进行优化,优化后质量减轻了22.7%,并且满足法规要求。

A FE model of a car under low-speed rear end impacts was established according to the regulation of GB17354--1998, and it was found that the protective performance of the rear bumper did not meet the requirements. An improved rear bumper design based on experience was proposed which satisfies the requirements of the regulation; however, it may not be the best solution. To further optimize the improved structure, an adaptive response surface method was adopted in which the material thicknesses of key components were designated as design variables, the weight of the components as an objective function and the second order response surface approximation model was established. The result indicates that the optimized solution meets the requirements of the regulation and the weight of the bumper system is reduced by 22,7%.