文同之自然观与科技事物写意

Wen Tong's View of Nature and Descriptions of Technological Things

力图还原北宋文同自然观形成的渊源和科学技术素养与其画风、文风的关联。文同三问神之"不悯""不职"和疑神"何不若向时之速验",强烈谴责其放纵旱魃,置生民于不顾,形成其总体上以对神怀疑、质疑、质问和谴责为主的自然观;他以秦蜀等地的自然造化为师,将客观自然的景与物和主观的情与志高度融合,汇通于儒释道和崇尚道法自然之间而至最高境界;他既"问太虚求所止""问无为最深旨",从而形成其师于道家自然主义的一些核心自然观念,又不为道家的"无为""遁世"所囿,汲取道家自然观为其诗文书画的精髓。他对数学、天文历算、地理等科技事物的记述,反映了其文理融通的学养,并奠定其诗画成就的必备知识基础和知识获取的独特途径。

The paper tries to restore the forrnational origin of the concept of nature of Wen Tong and the relevance of the relationship between his science and technology literacy and his style of paint- ing and writing. It is thought that the three interrogations of God concerning His ＂no mercy holding a sinecure＂ and ＂why not lending Himself to testimony of His promises＂ strongly condemned the indul- gence of God in the face of drought to the neglect of the livelihood of the common people, which formed the overall natural outlook featuring skepticism, doubt, query and condemnation of God. He took the natural wonders as his teacher, highly integrating the objective scenery and things with subjec- tive emotions and ambitions with a culmination in Confucianism and Taoism by advocating the natural- ness of the ultimate path as the highest level of ideology. He formed the core concept of the naturalness of Taosim. His account of the scientific and technological things, such as mathematics, astronomy, geog- raphy, reflects his facility in arts and science, which lays a unique way for his achievement in poetry and painting in terms of the necessary knowledge base and knowledge acquisition.