铈基、镧基稀土催化剂催化燃烧柴油炭烟颗粒的研究进展

Research Progress of Ce-Based and La-Based Rare Earth Catalysts for Catalytic Combustion of Soot Particles

随着环保法规的日益严格和人们环保意识的提高,柴油车尾气污染物中的炭烟颗粒对环境的严重污染引起了人们广泛的关注。作为炭烟颗粒排出柴油机的最后一道处理技术,催化净化技术是目前控制柴油车尾气炭烟颗粒排放使用最有效和应用最广泛的技术手段。因而,开发高效的催化剂是催化净化技术最关键和最重要的因素。总结了近年来Ce基、La基稀土催化剂材料,包括:纳米颗粒、不同晶面、纤维状、三维有序大孔结构等不同形貌的Ce基催化剂以及La基钙(类钙)钛矿催化剂对炭烟颗粒催化燃烧的最新研究进展;并对比报道了Ce基和La基催化剂对炭烟燃烧的反应机制。最后,总结性地提出了目前有关稀土基催化剂在炭烟催化燃烧中存在的问题和未来的发展趋势。

With the increasing strictness of environmental regulations and the improvement of people＇s environmental protection consciousness, diesel exhaust pollutants, especially soot particles, have been attracted much attention by human owing to their serious environment pollution. At present, as the last processing technology before poilutants emitted from diesel engine, the catalytic purification technology of diesel exhaust is the most effective and widely used technology for controlling diesel soot exhaust. Thus, the development of catalysts with excellent performance for soot catalytic combustion is the most essential and important factor. In this paper, the latest research progress of Ce-based and La-based catalysts for the combustion of soot particles in diesel exhaust gases was summarized. The Ce-based catalysts include nanoparticles, different crystal faces, nano-fibers, three-dimensional ordered macroporous structures and the La-based catalysts contain perovskite and perovskite-like structure catalysts. The possible reaction mechanisms of Ce-based and La-based catalysts for soot combustion was also comparatively reported. At last, some main problems and potential application prospects of rare earth catalysts for soot combustion were also proposed.