欧盟是否给予中国“市场经济地位”的影响因素及对策

The Factors Influencing EU's Approaches to China's Market Economy Status and China's Countermeasures

随着2016年12月11日的日渐临近,关于欧盟能否如期以及如何给予中国"市场经济地位"的法律与政策争论日益升温。其最终结果取决于一系列复杂的政治、经济和法律因素。《中国加入议定书》第15段的模糊规定留下了巨大的法律争论空间,《里斯本条约》生效后欧洲议会介入立法程序也导致欧盟给予中国"市场经济地位"问题进一步复杂化和政治化,主要影响因素包括中美欧关系、贸易保护主义抬头、全球产能过剩和贸易防御工具现代化等。欧盟需要在遵守欧盟法律和WTO规则的前提下寻找某些替代性保护措施,以便在尊重法治与迎合保护主义之间找到平衡点。对此,中国政府和企业应该采取"两手准备、有所作为"的策略。一方面,做好法律诉讼准备,在2016年12月11日之后择机提起WTO诉讼或者欧盟法院诉讼;另一方面,采取外交、法律、经济等手段敦促欧盟根据WTO规则如期给予中国"市场经济地位"或者改变对华反倾销中的正常价值计算方法。

With the approaching of the December 11 2016 deadline for ending China's non-market economy treatment,legal and policy debates are heating up as to whether and how the EU will grant China Market Economy Status( MES). The final result will depend on a series of complicated political,economic and legal factors since the vague provisions of Article 15 of China's WTO Accession Protocol have left a huge space for legal debates. Since the entry into effect of the Lisbon Treaty,the European Parliament has been included in the legislative procedure of the EU,which makes it a more difficult and politicized issue as whether to grant China MES. A number of factors will contribute to the EU's final decision,including the relationships among China,EU and US,rising protectionism in Europe,global overcapacity,and the modernization of EU's trade defence instruments. It is necessary for the EU to find some alternative protection measures consistent with EU law and WTO rules so as to arrive at an appropriate balance between respect for rule of law and protectionism. China could draw some useful lessons from countries like Russia in getting MES from the EU. On the one hand,the Chinese government and enterprises should get ready for instituting legal proceedings before the WTO or the European Court of Justice after December 11 2016,and on the other hand,the Chinese government should take diplomatic,legal and economic measures to urge the EU to grant China MES or to change the method of calculating the normal values in antidumping cases.