能源互联网中基于区块链的电力交易和阻塞管理方法

Electricity Transactions and Congestion Management Based on Blockchain in Energy Internet

能源互联网是当前学术界关注的新热点。在能源互联网的环境下,大量产消者的接入将会产生新的商业模式,形成电力的直接双边交易。对于双边交易的管理,有中心化机构管理和去中心化管理两种解决方案。如果建立一个中心化机构对交易信息进行管理,存在运行成本高、信息安全性差、用户隐私难以保障等问题。而在缺乏中心化机构管理的情境下,电力市场交易主体之间存在信任问题。区块链技术是一个分布式的存储技术,数据保存在网络中的每个节点中,由所有节点共同维护,难以篡改,能够有效地解决交易双方间的信任问题。为此,提出了弱中心化管理电力交易的方法,即利用区块链技术以智能合约的形式存储电力交易信息并自动执行资金转移,记录智能电表采集的电能数据,中心机构仅对达成的交易进行安全校核和阻塞管理。比较总结了2种阻塞管理方法,改进了现有文献中分布式安全校核的算法,提高了算法收敛的稳定性。最后,利用一个6节点算例验证了所提方法的可行性。

Energy internet has become a hotspot attracting academia＇s close attention. Under this circumstance, participation of prosumers will result in a new business mode and electricity will be traded between these prosumers directly. These transactions can be managed either by an established central operator or by market participants autonomously. Establishing a central operator will lead to a lot of problems, including high cost, low information security and personal privacy leakage. However, trust problem is hard to solve in autonomous management of transactions between market participants. Blockchain is a distributed storage technology where data is stored and managed in every node in the network and is difficult to tamper. Therefore, it can deal with trust problem. This paper proposes a method of managing electricity transactions based on blockchain. Transactions are stored on blockchain in form of smart contracts and money is transferred automatically. Electric data collected by smart meters is also stored on blockchain. An independent central operator only deals with congestion management problem. The paper also improves convergence stability in distributed security checking method. A case consisting of six nodes is presented to prove feasibility of the method.