清代中期学者笔下的戴震形象

The Images of Dai Zhen Described by Different Scholars in Qian Jia Period

乾嘉年间训诂考据之学大兴,戴震作为汉学中坚,不但其学术成就为学界瞩目,其心术人品亦为世人关注。在汉学家笔下,他是学通天、地、人的"一代儒宗",为人谨慎公允。在钱载、姚鼐等文人眼中,戴震先是博学勤奋的大儒,然而在其《孟子字义疏证》刊发之后,他们笔下的戴震又成了该"身灭嗣绝"的罪人。在思想家章学诚笔下他是学界难得的理论家,但又因史学引起的个人恩怨,而被描绘成心术不正、虚伪自大的小人。各派学者对戴震学术与品行的记述,正反映出在当时社会价值观的悄然变化,以及乾嘉考据学风所即将遭遇的挑战。

During the Qianlong period,Dai Zhen was not only proficient in evidential research but also well versed in the theory of principle of righteousness. The scholars studying in evidential criticism considered him as a leader of Philology. The lonely thinker——Zhang Xuecheng——valued him as a philosopher. The literati first took Dai Zhen as an outstanding scholar,while after Commentaries and Proofing of the Glossary of Mencius was published,they saw Dai Zhen as a sinner who violated Confucian etiquette. Dai Zhen' academic achievements and his moral characters described by the scholars from different schools may reflect the changing of social values and the challenges that evidential criticism would confront soon.