陕西省市售水产品中重金属污染状况及安全评价

Contamination status and safety evaluation of heavy metals in aquatic products sold in Shaanxi

目的了解陕西省市售水产品的重金属污染状况及摄入风险。方法简单随机采集水产品331份并测定镉、砷、铬、铅、汞、镍的含量,采用单因子污染指数(Pi)、重金属污染指数(MPI)、每日可耐受摄入量(TDI)及致癌与非致癌年风险(Rcig,Rnig,R总)指标分别评价污染程度、食用安全性和健康风险。结果重金属含量均值水平为总铬>镍>总砷>铅>镉>总汞,铅、镉、总铬的超标率分别为2.11%、0.30%和0%。不同水产品中重金属污染状况不同。Pi评价结果鱼类中镉、砷为轻度污染,其余均为正常背景值。MPI评价重金属污染总体程度为甲壳类>软体动物>鱼类。Dig(平均)占TDI百分比最高为镉、总铬,分别为27.84%和17.58%。结论陕西省市售水产品有一定程度的重金属污染,食用安全性在可接受范围内,摄入水产品健康风险较低。

Objective To understand the current status and intake risk of heavy metal pollution in aquatic products in Shaanxi.Methods 331 samples were collected randomly,and the contents of Cd,As,Cr,Pb,Hg and Ni were measured. Single factor pollution index（ Pi） and metal pollution index（ MPI） were used to evaluate the degree of pollution,and tolerable daily intake（ TDI） and carcinogenic risks（ Rcig,Rnig,Rg） were used to assess the edible safety and health risk,respectively. Results The order of the average content of the metal was Cr Ni As Pb Cd Hg. Approximately 2. 11%,0. 30% and 0% of the samples exceeded the Chinese national standard for Pb,Cd and Cr,respectively. The pollution levels were different in every aquatic products. Piindices indicated the contents of Cd,and As in fish reached the criteria of light pollution,the rest were normal background value. The MPI results showed that heavy metal pollution in crustaceans was the most severe,followed by mollusks and the fishes. The highest percentage of Dig（ average） / TDI was Cd and Cr,which was 27. 84% and 17. 58%,respectively.Conclusion The heavy metal pollution exists in aquatic products in Shaanxi Province. The edible safety was acceptable and the health risk was low.