阿凡纳羡沃考古文化与孔雀河青铜时代考古遗存

Afanasevo Archaeological Culture and Archaeological Remains of the Bronze Age along the Peacock River

近些年,太多的文章宣称,孔雀河近年发现、发掘的青铜时代古墓沟、小河遗存,与俄罗斯南西伯利亚境内的阿凡纳羡沃考古文化存在关联,受其影响、得其传承。阿凡纳羡沃考古文化遗存,是俄罗斯学者在上世纪二三十年代的工作成果,是公元前3000年后期至公元前2000年间的考古遗存。主要分布在叶尼塞河中游米努辛斯克盆地内,前后共发掘4~5处墓地80座墓葬。主要特征是土葬、仰身屈肢,随葬物主要为手制蛋形尖底陶器,器表饰杉叶纹。这些基本特点,与古墓沟、小河墓地并无共同点。本文检视了相关考古资料,认为它们是＂同一类型考古文化＂的结论,难以成立。奠基在这一基础之上,有关小河、古墓沟干尸的民族身份的＂假说＂,自然也难以凭信。

In recent years,too many articles claimed that the Bronze Age sites discovered and excavated along the Peacock River in late years,such as Gumugou and Xiaohe Graveyard,were connected to and influenced by the Afanasevo culture in southern Siberia of Russia and got its heritage. The remains of Afanasevo archaeological culture are Russian scholars' work products in 1920 s and 1930 s,dating between late 3000 BC to 2000 BC. Mainly distributed within the Minusinsk Basin in the middle reaches of the Yenisey River,80 tombs of 4 or 5 graveyards were excavated here. The principle features of these tombs were that they are flexed supine burial and the funerary objects are mainly hand-made egg-shaped pottery wares with sharp bottom,decorated with fir leaf pattern on the surface. These features are dissimilar with those of Gumugou and Xiaohe Graveyard. This article reviews relevant archaeolgical materials and holds that the conclusion that these two kinds of archaeological remains belong to the same type of archaeological culture is hard to be true. The 'hypothesis'about the ethnic identity of the mummies in Xiaohe and Gumugou which was based on the point of view mentioned above is naturally not to be trusted.