安徽省合肥地区7～18岁中小学生身高分布特点及矮小症检出率调查

A survey of the body height distribution profile and the prevalence of short stature of school children aged from 7 to 18 years in Hefei of Anhui province

目的研究合肥地区7～18岁中小学生身高分布特点及矮小症检出率。方法采用分层整群抽样抽取合肥地区5个区县内12所中小学校，测量其中7～18岁共3593名中小学生的身高。分析身高的分布特点，同时与2010年该地区身高数据比较，并以2005年九市儿童体格发育调查数据为身高评价标准进行评价，分析矮小症检出率分布特点。结果研究人群中身高特点为男性高于女性。各年龄组的身高普遍高于2010年。男性身高增长以7—15岁较为明显，12岁后身高增长速度加快，15岁后增幅减小；女性身高增长在7—14岁较为明显，10岁后增长加快，14岁后增幅减小。合肥地区中小学生各年龄组总体矮小症的检出率为1．12％-4．17％，总体检出率为2．62％；城区矮小症的检出率为1．76％，乡村矮小症的检出率为3．43％，乡村矮小症检出率高于城区（χ^2=9．793，P=0．002）。男生矮小症的检出率为2．60％，女生矮小症的检出率为2．64％，男、女矮小症检出率差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0．006，P=0．937）；男、女矮小症检出率在城区分别为1．75％、1．78％，在乡村分别为3．46％、3．34％，无论城乡，男女矮小症检出率差异均无统计学意义。小学组与中学组矮小症检出率差异无统计学意义。结论合肥地区中小学生身高男生高于女生。男女、城乡身高较2010年均呈增长趋势。合肥地区中小学生矮小症总体检出率为2．62％，乡村矮小症检出率高于城区；男女矮小症检出率差异无统计学意义。小学组与中学组矮小症检出率差异无统计学意义。

Objective To investigate the body height distribution profile and prevalence of short stature of primary and secondary school students aged from 7 to 18 years in Hefei. Methods Twelve schools in five districts and counties in Hefei were selected. 3 593 primary and secondary school students aged from 7 to 18 years were recruited. Body heights were measured and were evaluated using a nine cities＂ growth standard. Silort stature was defined as the body height was two standard deviation below the mean body height in each sex matched age group. The prevalence of short stature was calculated and standardized using the nine cities＇population data. Results Body heights were higher in boys than in girls. The body heights of boys nearly stopped increasing after 15 years old ,while the heights in girls stopped increasing after 14 years old. The body heights of children in Hefei in 2014 were higher than in 2010. The prevalence of short stature of primary and secondary school students in Hefei among all age groups was 1.12% to 4. 17% ,the average prevalence was 2.26%. The prevalence of short stature in rural area was 3.43% ,which in urban area was 1.76% ,the rate was significantly lower in urban area than that in rural area（ χ2 =9. 793 ,P =0. 002）. The prevalence of short stature in boys was 2.60% , which in girls was 2.64%, no obvious difference was found in the prevalence of short stature between boys and girls（ χ2 = 0.006, P = 0. 937 ）. The prevalence of short stature in boys and girls in urban area were 1.75% and 1.78% respectively,which in rural area were 3.46% and 3.34% ,no matter in urban area or in rural area, the prevalence of short statue was not obviously different. The prevalence of short stature in primary and secondary school students also had no obvious difference. Conclusion Body heights were higher in boys than in girls. The body heights of children in Hefei in 2014 were higher than in 2010. The average prevalence of short stature of the primary and secondary school students in Hefei was 2.62%, the rate was significantly higher in rural area than that in urban area. There was no obvious difference in the prevalence of short stature between boys and girls. Neither was the primary and secondary school students.