“俄国威胁论”与19世纪80年代英国远东政策

“Russian Threat Theory”and British Far East Policy in 1880s

19世纪下半叶英国炮制、渲染"俄国威胁论",既有全球战略上的考量,又有在远东地区防范、抵御俄国南下的现实需要,是英国维护既得利益的折冲手段。"俄国威胁论"所指涉的对象随着东亚国际关系格局的变化而有所不同,19世纪60年代前渲染的是俄国对日本的威胁,70年代以后渲染俄国威胁的重心则变成了朝鲜。通过"共同威胁"的制造和渲染,英国一度将中日朝三国收编到维护其世界霸权的战略序列中,构筑起从土耳其到日本的遏制、围堵俄国的U形防线,对东亚近代史产生了深远影响。

Due to global strategic considerations and the practical needs for prevention of Russian army from advancing south in the far east, Britain concocted and propagated ＂Russian Threat Theory＂ in the latter half of the 19th century.In order to protect its vested interests, the referent objects of the ＂Russian Threat Theory＂ changed along with the pattern of international relations of East Asia. By manufacturing and propagating the ＂common threat＂, Britain had once succeeded in incorporating China, Japan and Korea into its own forces to protect its world hegemony, and built a U-shaped defense line against Russia from Turkey to Japan, making far-reaching effects on the early modern history of East Asia.