农村预防接种不良反应的预防对策与心理干预方法

Prevention and psychological intervention of adverse reaction of vaccination in rural areas

目的:观察预防对策、心理干预及健康教育在预防接种中的应用效果,全面实施国家免疫规划。方法:选取行预防接种的儿童360例,其随机分为干预组与对照组各180例,在接种过程中对照组采取常规处理措施,干预组加强实施心理干预及健康教育。对两组儿童的接种后不良反应、疼痛程度及恐惧程度进行统计和比较。结果:通过对预防接种的儿童及家长实施心理干预及健康教育,两组儿童接种后发生不良反应的例数比较差异(χ2=4.59,P<0.05);接种过程中疼痛程度比较差异(χ2=220.11,P<0.01);接种过程中恐惧程度比较差异(χ2=53.6,P<0.01);均具有统计学意义,且干预组均优于对照组。结论:应用最广泛、最安全、最有效、最经济的有针对性地干预措施和健康教育方法,充分发挥预防接种在疾病预防和健康促进中的价值,海宁市农村儿童得到良好的免疫预防效果,有效地减少了预防接种不良反应的发生,有效地控制了相应传染病的流行,取得较好的社会效益。

Objective To observe the effect of preventive measures,psychological intervention and health education in preventing adverse reaction of vaccination,and to implement the national immunization program.Methods Totally 360 children were randomized into intervention group and control group,with 180 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine treatment,while the intervention group received additional psychological intervention and health education.Statistics and comparison of adverse reaction,pain degree and fear degree of two groups of children were carried out.Results After the implementation of psychological intervention and health education among children and parents during vaccination,there were significant differences in the numbers of cases of adverse reactions（χ2=4.59,P〈0.05）,degree of pain during the vaccination（χ2=220.11,P〈0.01）and degree of fear during the vaccination（χ2=53.6,P〈0.01）.And the intervention group was better than the control group.Conclusions Targeted intervention measures and methods of health education adopted are safe,effective,economical and most widely used,which give full play to the role of vaccination in disease prevention and health promotion,guarantee immune prevention among rural children,effectively reduce the adverse reaction of vaccination,effectively control the prevalence of infectious diseases,and achieve good social benefits.