多匝轨道炮的电磁学优势分析

Analysis of the Electromagnetic Advantages of Multi-turn Railguns

多匝轨道炮采用多层结构,是解决简单电磁轨道炮电感梯度小、电流汇聚严重等轨道炮应用问题的一个重要途径。分别对简单轨道炮、双匝、三匝轨道炮膛内磁场分布、电感梯度、轨道内电流分布进行了比较分析。分析结果为在单侧通流总量不变、口径相同条件下,3种结构形成的磁场分布近似,多匝轨道炮电感梯度提高明显且电流汇聚程度减弱。分析认为,与简单轨道炮相比,轨道炮采用多匝结构可在一定程度上降低对脉冲电流的大幅值需求,进而减小对电源的要求、降低电源及回路线缆的不必要能耗、减弱欧姆热集中带来的不良影响,是轨道炮发展的一个重要方向。

The multi-turn railgun is an important solution to the application problems of simple railguns,such as low inductance gradient and serious current gathering by adopting the multi-layer structure. The magnetic field,inductance gradient,current distribution of simple,double-turn and threeturn railguns are respectively analyzed and compared. The analytic result is that when the total current on one side is the same and the railguns＇ calibers are similar,the guns can generate similar magnetic fields,that the inductance gradients of the multi-turn guns are evidently higher,and that the current gathering level of the multi-turn railguns is lower than that of simple railguns. It is concluded that in comparison with the simple railgun,the multi-turn railgun can reduce the demand for amplitude of pulse current to a certain degree,which in turn can reduce the demand for electric power,diminish the unessential energy consumption of the power and cable of circuit and reduce the bad effect of ohm heat gathering. The multi-turn railgun research is of great significance for the development of railguns.