动脉粥样硬化机制的研究进展

Research Progressonon the Mechanism of Atherosclerosis

动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)是心脑血管疾病的主要原因和病理基础,表现为大动脉及中动脉的血管内壁出现脂质沉积,形成分散或成片的粥样斑块,造成动脉管腔狭窄,随后斑块破裂出血,可在狭窄的动脉内形成血栓,导致缺血性脑卒中、心肌梗死发生。每年约有一千多万人死于AS所引起的心血管病和脑中风,其严重危害人体健康,并且具有年轻化的趋势。动脉粥样硬化形成与发展与内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞、巨噬细胞、血小板和一系列细胞因子和炎性因子有关,其机制非常复杂,涉及脂质代谢紊乱、内皮细胞功能障碍、血栓形成、血管壁慢性炎症、平滑肌细胞增殖和免疫功能障碍等,该文总结了近年来国内外有关动脉粥样硬化机制的研究,并进行综述。

Atherosclerosis（AS） is the main cause and pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Its pathological process is as follow： lipid deposition in the aorta and middle artery wallform into scattered or complete atherosclerotic plaques, resulting in arterial stenosis, then plaques rupture and bleeding, causing arterial thrombosis in the stenosis, finally leading to ischemic Stroke, myocardial infarction.Every year, more than 10 million people die from AS-induced cardiovascular disease and stroke, which seriously endanger human health. Additionally,age of atherosclerotic onset has been dropping.The formation and development of atherosclerosis is related to endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, platelets and a series of cytokines and inflammatory factors. Its mechanism is very complex, involving lipid metabolism disorders, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, vascular wall chronic inflammation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and immune dysfunction,etc.This paper summarizes recent studies at home and abroad, and then review on atherosclerosis mechanisms.