挑战白人笔下梅蒂斯人刻板形象——以《混血儿》、《寻找四月雨树》为例

Challenging Métis Stereotyping in White People′s Works——Taking Halfbreed and In Search of April Raintree for Example

加拿大土著民族梅蒂斯作家坎贝尔的《混血儿》和柯乐藤的《寻找四月雨树》是本土作家自传体小说的代表作,作品是被殖民女性由边缘向主流社会发出的反抗强音。本文拟从后殖民主义理论中刻板形象这一重要概念入手,探讨作品中殖民者对梅蒂斯民族所形成的刻板形象及对其身心影响,同时分析作品主人公如何在夹缝中生存,通过后殖民抵抗话语挑战白人社会对梅蒂斯人的刻板形象。她们的后殖民抵抗话语在一定程度上颠覆和消解了主流社会中对梅蒂斯混血民族的种族歧视,也有利于梅蒂斯民族觉醒,身份重构。

Aboriginal Metis writers Campbeirs Half breed and Culleton＇s In Search of April Raintree are two representative Canadian aboriginal autobiographical novels, written by colonized women from the edge to demonstrate their resistance to the mainstream society. This paper starts from the concept of stereotyping in postcolonial theory,discusses Metis＇ stereotypes described by colonizers and the physical and psychological effects on Metis people, analyzes how the protagonist survives in in-between situations and challenges Metis stereotypes of white colonial discourse through resistance. Their post-colonial re-sistance to a certain extent, subverts and deconstructs the racial discrimination from the mainstream society, but also is con-ducive to the awakening of the ethnics and reconstruction of their identity.