否定句表达作用论析

On the Expression of Negative Sentence

否定句具有与肯定句相对立的意义。否定句的表达作用是通过否定句与肯定句的相互作用来体现的。否定句具有句式预设、句义映衬、语义弱化、语用强化等作用。单用否定句,可以预设肯定句的意义。肯定句否定句合用,具有映衬辞格的强化功能。从语义层面看,否定句比肯定句弱;从语用层面看,否定句比肯定句强。句式预设与语义弱化侧重于语义理解,主要是语言法则;句子映衬与语用强化侧重于语用策略,主要是言语法则。

The significance of negative sentence and assertive sentence are opposite.The expression of negative sentence is reflected by the antithesis with assertive sentence.The negative sentence has the following functions,such as syntactic presupposition,syntactic antithesis,semantic weakening and pragmatic reinforcement and so on.With a negative sentence,can be implied positive significance;combination of negative sentence and assertive sentence,express the contrast antithesis.In the aspect of semantic,negative sentence is weaker than assertive sentence;in the aspect of pragmatics,negative sentence is stronger than assertive sentence.Presupposition and semantic weakening focused on semantic understanding,are mainly language rules.Antithesis and pragmatic focus on strengthening pragmatic strategy,are mainly speech rules.