密教大毗卢遮那佛法身观的形成

The Formation of the Conception of Mahavairocana Buddha's Dharma-kaya in Tantrism

大毗卢遮那佛(大日如来)信仰出现于4世纪,最初作为大乘一方之佛,曾影响到小乘,后来逐渐发展为一组佛,最终在《华严经》中赋予法身佛的地位,深刻影响了佛教的佛身观,也成为密教大毗卢遮那佛法身观的基础。5世纪时毗卢遮那佛信仰从西域东传中国,广泛流行,大智海毗卢遮那佛成为经首归命句。6世纪时毗卢遮那佛信仰引入密教,晚期持明密典《不空绢索经》塑造其曼荼罗形象,并赋予神变功能。真言密教经典《大日经》则完全确立大毗卢遮那法身佛以及密教教主的地位,并以本地法身及其加持身以及自在神力说,树立了具有泛神论意义的大毗卢遮那佛法身观,由此不仅使释迦牟尼佛及其法身具有本体论的意义,也使多神崇拜的诸佛以及诸菩萨、诸金刚统一于一尊,佛教完全成为具有形象崇拜的一神论。

Mahavairocana Buddha＇s faith was appeared in the 4th century,as one of the Mahayana Buddha,which was influenced Hinayana and later developed into a group of Buddhas,eventually giving the status of the Flower Adornment Sutra.And also profoundly influenced the Buddhist concept of the Buddha,then became the basis of dharma-kaya of Mahavairocana Buddha.In the 5th century,Mahavairocana Buddha＇s faith was spread from Western Regions into China and later became popular in China,Dazhihai Mahavairocana became the first main sentence in the scriptures worshiped and chanted by people.In the 6th century,Mahavairocana Buddha＇s faith was mixed with Tantra,ate Tantra Buddhist scripture Bukongjucansuo Sutra shaping its Mandala image and give the divine function.The Mantrayana＇s scripture Mahavairocana Tantra fully established Mahavairocana Buddha status and the position of the priest,also take local dharma-kaya,the blessing body and unrestrained divine as basis,established the Mahavairocana＇s pantheism dharma-kaya,therefore not only the Sakyamuni and its dharma-kaya has onlological significance,but also made various Buddhas,Bodhisattvas,and the Vajradhara unified into one,Buddhism then completely became monotheism with the image of worship.