经验性及经验的回归与超越——“历验”、“体验”与“经验”的比较辨析

Empiricality and Empirical Recurrence and Transcendence——Comparative Analysis of“Test”,“Undergoing”and“Empiricality”

通过对"历验"、"体验"与"经验"作概念语义的区分,使我们更加清楚地了解到"经验"的种种特征,比如亲历性、时态性、价值性、超越性等等,使我们更加准确地认识和使用"经验"概念。正是从对"历验"与"经验","体验"与"经验"之间的关系的区别使用中,"经验"概念的语用理论化实现了跃进,经验是不脱离感性而趋近理性的"知识",与历验相比,经验总是典型性的;体验与经验相比,有整体性,更有身体性。区分性的分析思维又导致我们看到区分或分析的局限,它有意无意地缩小了对经验概念的运用范围,但经由分析的方法我们很快就开始回归对经验概念的综合考察与整体性认识,发现历验、体验与经验的共性和不可分性。经验概念本身既包含了历验含义、历验过程且富有历验的积极成果,经验性其实是更深层地统辖所有历验过程的更基本的特征。而体验使经验概念获得了整体性,真正使经验变成基础性的东西,向世界开放。由此,我们便可以从经验的认识论进入到经验的生活论与实践论。

The differentiation of＂test＂,＂experience＂and＂empiricality＂in their concepts and semantics enables us to know these characteristics of＂experience＂better,such as self-experience,temporality,value,,transcendence,and etc.so that it can make us more exactly know and use the concept of＂experience＂.It is the discriminated use in the relationship between both＂test＂and＂experience＂and ＂undergoing＂and ＂experience＂that makes the concept of＂experience＂in pragmatic theorization have realized a forward leap.Experience is knowledge not derailing from the sentiment but getting close to reason.Compared with tests,experience is always unique;compared with experience,the undergoing features with entirety.Differentiated analyzed thinking brings about the limitation of distinguishing and analysis to us,which narrows the application range of experience either by design or accident,however,in no time do we begin to return to conduct an integrated investigation and overall cognition on conceptual experience finding the integrity and universality of test,undergoing and experience.The concept of experience itself is incorporated with testing sense and testing process with optimistic fruitful results.In essence,the empiricality dominates the realm of all fundamental features in the process of test.But the undergoing make the conceptual experience be integrated and it basics even open to the world indeed.Therefore,we can go from the epistemology of experience into the theory of life and practice in experience.