公与私的张力:省宪自治中的议会、舆论与民众——以江苏省第三届议会议长贿选风波为中心

The Tension between Public Power and Civil Rights as Reflected in Legislative Body,Public Opinion and the People in the Provincial Constitution Movement: An Analysis of a 1921 Bribery for Being the Speaker of the 3rd Provincial Assembly of Jiangsu

1921年4月,时值省宪自治运动在全国蔚为风潮,江苏省第三届省议会即将开幕。以苏社为核心的江苏士绅群体正欲借此契机,争取掌握省议会,制定江苏省宪法,推进江苏省宪自治运动。选举甫兴,苏社同人内部即发生分裂,南张派议员指控北张派领袖张孝若贿选议长。议会内部的派系斗争经《申报》为首的舆论鼓动,本来为三千万江苏人公义的事业,变成了少数巨绅弄权的试验场。公与私的张力之下,学生与一般民众有失理性的参与,逐渐演变成一场群众运动,议会的权威受到极大损害,江苏省宪自治运动亦受顿挫。本文试图从议会、舆论、民众三者在贿选风潮中之互动关系为着眼点,探讨制约江苏省议会选举良性运转的内外因素,及其时各方对代议制民主的认知,并思考此问题对20世纪20年代民国政治走势的影响。

In April 1921,the 3rd Provincial Assembly of Jiangsu was to be held while Provincial Constitution Movement became a national political storm. The gentry of Jiangsu,with the 'Sushe'literary'The Society of Jiangsu'as the center,wanted to seize the opportunity to take hold of the Provincial Assembly of Jiangsu,and constructed the Constitution of Jiangsu Province,so as to make Jiangsu an autonomous province within a unified ROC. At the beginning of the Election,however,there was a huge split in the'Sushe'and it separated into two factions. The members of the South Zhang faction accused Zhang Xiaoruo( the leader of the North Zhang faction) of Bribery at the election of the speaker of the Provincial Assembly of Jiangsu. The factionalist struggle in the Assembly was revealed by Shen Bao( Shanghai News),and the political cause for social equity and justice for 30 million Jiangsu people was finally narrowed down to a political struggle among the gentry oligarchs.In the tension between the public power and private civil rights,the irrational student activists' and common people's protests finally evolved into a mass movement,which discredited the Provincial Assembly of Jiangsu,and the Provincial Constitution Movement of Jiangsu reached its nadir. This paper analyses the interaction among legislative body,public opinion and the masses of the people in the bribery at the election,and discusses the internal and external factors in the operations of the Provincial Assembly of Jiangsu and different prospects of representative democracy of China in the1920 s. A consideration will be given of the effect of this issue on the political life in the 1920 s China.