论象征的三元结构及其内在逻辑——对象征结构经典模式理论的反思

Classical Structural Models of Symbol and Their Reflections: Currently on the Progressive Ternary Structure and Its Internal Logic

索绪尔的所指—能指二元论、皮尔斯的三分构造论和里克尔的象征形式三维论,作为三种经典的符号或象征结构论,难以适用于解释象征的基本结构。基于现象学方法,可以将象征解析为"原象""映象"和"表象"这三个存在着递进关系的层次。原象是象征物和象征本体自在的原初内容和形式。双方的原象属性在思维活动中被遴选出来并形成的表达关系即为映象。表象则是映象借助各种可被直接感知和理解的符号系统在实践世界中的客观呈现。在"客体化"和"主体延拓"这两种内在逻辑的驱动下,从原象到映象再到表象的两次关键演进,在本体论意义上勾勒出象征关系的生成过程。

The basic structure of symbol dualism is hard to explain with such theories as that of the signified / signifier by Saussure,the triple relative by Peirce and the three dimensions of symbolic form by Ricoeur. With phenomenological methodology,this article divides the basic structure of symbol into three progressive levels: the origin,reflection and representation. The origin is the self-being primary content and form of the symbolic thing and its object. The reflection is that their original attributions are selected and form an expression relationship in the mind. The representation is the objective appearance of the reflection in the practice world through all kinds of symbolic systems,which can be perceived and understood directly. Driven by the internal logic of objectification and subjective expansion respectively,the two pivotal developments from the original to the reflection and thence to the representation depict the generative process of the symbolic relation in its ontological sense.