为每个学生提供适合的教育:何以不可能或何以可能——基于课程的教育功能的分析

Proper Way of Education for Every Student:Why Impossible or Possible?An analysis of education function based on curriculum

"为每个学生提供适合的教育"已被教育界奉为圭臬,然而,它在实践中却常常遥不可及。究其原因在于:现代学校的学生是以集合体的方式作为教育对象的,教学以学生的年龄阶段特征为依据,课程以人类知识体系自身逻辑为标准;至于适合与否,往往是教师或其他成年人根据学生之外的标准所作的判断,而非学生自己的抉择;这里的"教育"不过是人们的美好愿望,并非是可操作的东西。事实上,争论者忽略了教育不过是一种课程的功能,不能被直接提供,而必须基于可行的课程来实现。因此,"为每个学生提供适合的教育"的含义模糊不清,无法实践。就其本质而言,它应该转化而表述为"为每个学生提供可选择的丰富课程"。为此,在物质丰富时代,政府也有意愿为教育投入大量资源的条件下,学校应该而且能够打造"课程超市",实行选修制与学分制,丰富教学方法,改变评价方式,从而把选择的主动权交付给学生,由学生选择适合自身需求的课程组合,真正促进学生个体优势素养与基础素养的发展。

＂To provide proper way of education for every student＂has been embraced as the canon of education;but it is too idealized for practical reach.The key reason of that advocacy rests with that students in modern schools are treated as a collective entity,that education is conducted by the ages of students,and that curriculum is designed by the inherent logic of human knowledge system.So far as the appropriateness is concerned,it has been evaluated,not by students＇own choice,but by teachers and other adults who make criteria that have little association with students＇development.The notion of＂education＂here is but an ideal aspiration,something that cannot be brought down to earth.In fact,debaters have overlooked the fact that education is nothing but the function of a curriculum：it cannot be provided in a straightforward way,but only realized by feasible courses.It follows that the idea of＂providing proper education for every student＂is not clear in definition,nor can it be put into practice.It should be transformed into that education should＂provide every student with rich optional courses＂.For that purpose,schools should create ＂course supermarket＂in the rich material time in priori that the government would be willing to invest large resources on education.That is,they should offer selective and credit courses,enrich teaching methodologies,and adjust assessment approaches to give the initiative right back to students to choose courses that can satisfy their own needs,and thus promote the development of their individual priority qualities and basic qualities.