希腊化文明与丝绸之路关系研究的回顾与展望

Retrospect and Prospect on Research of Relationship between the Hellenistic Civilization and the Silk Road

希腊化文明是在亚历山大帝国的基础上形成的一个既多元又统一的新型文明,连接中国与地中海的丝绸之路是在汉代张骞通西域之后全线贯通的,不论从时间还是空间上,二者都有交集之处。19世纪末20世纪初,欧洲汉学家开丝路研究之先河,后来日本学者快步跟进,大有后来居上之势。中国学者一方面译介国外研究成果,一方面开始了自己的西域史地研究。现在,丝路研究成为国际学术界关注的热点,不同视角、不同主题的丝路通史和专史不断涌现。中国学者借助于天时地利,成为国内丝路段研究的主力,中国西域(新疆)文明的研究成果尤为丰富、全面,新的考古材料不断刷新人们对丝路文明的认识。希腊化文明的研究同样始于19世纪,但真正涉及到与丝绸之路的交叉时段与地理范围,则是在20世纪30年代以后。希腊化世界的城市、钱币和艺术成为历史家、考古学家、钱币学家、艺术史学者重点关注的对象。尤其是巴克特里亚希腊化文明遗产受到前所未有的重视,从而取得了重大的突破。但遗憾的是,丝绸之路和希腊化文明二者之间的联系却没有得到国内外学界应有的重视,尤其是没有把丝绸之路的开通、发展与希腊化世界的建立联系起来,没有把丝路重镇、丝路钱币与丝路宗教艺术与希腊化文明的遗产联系起来,没有意识到中希两大文明的接触早在公元前后就已经通过丝绸之路得以实现。在实施"一带一路"战略的今天,我们有必要对这些问题作出回答。

The Hellenistic Civilization was a new-style characteristic of multi-cultures and internal unity,emerging after the conquest of Alexander the Great in the Hellenistic world from the eastern Mediterranean to the Indus under the control and influence of the Greeks;the Silk Road linking China and the Mediterranean was established after the mission of ZHANG Qian to the Western Regions in Han Dynasty.Regarding whether the time and the space,these two have some points of intersection.It is a particular episode in human history that the remaining and spreading of the Hellenistic legacies in the countries along the Silk Road led to the longer and deeper interactions and exchanges between the ancient civilizations in Eurasia.Since the 19 th century,various sinologists,historians and archaeologists have paid much more efforts to the research of the kingdoms,peoples,cities and towns,and nomads,and others in the Western Regions referred to in the ancient Chinese literatures,and have made vast and invaluable achievements known over the world.Unfortunately,however,the relation between the Hellenistic Civilization and the Silk Road has not been focused on properly in academia.Then,did there exist a relationship between them？If yes,how had it been established,and what are the characteristics of it？What influences had it exerted on the developments of the Silk Road and the histories and cultures of those areas along,and especially did the direct contacts and fusions between the Hellenistic and the Chinese Civilizations took place？Does the research of it have any realistic significance？These problems could be resolved only through thorough and intensive researches.It is therefore necessary for us to base our expectations and perspectives for the program on a systematic analysis and generalization of the research results concerned.