论贪污受贿犯罪死刑适用标准的合理确定

Rational Determination of Death Penalty Standards on Corruption and Bribery Crime

通过对新中国成立以来贪污受贿犯罪死刑立法规范的嬗变进行系统梳理可以看出,贪污受贿犯罪死刑的适用应当采取"数额+情节"的二元标准,刑法立法在确立贪污受贿犯罪死刑适用数额标准时应以概括数额为宜,并且摒弃绝对确定死刑的立法模式。2016年"两高"制定的《关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》在《刑法修正案(九)》的基础上确立了贪污受贿犯罪死刑的具体适用标准。基于严格控制和限制适用死刑之精神,贪污受贿"数额特别巨大"的确定,应当在参考司法审判经验的基础上,确定死刑适用的数额基点;"使国家和人民利益遭受特别重大损失"的判定主要考虑行为造成的物质性、经济性损失;"犯罪情节特别严重"之认定,主要是对死刑适用总体标准的强调性规定,以体现死刑适用的慎重性;"社会影响特别恶劣"则主要从贪污受贿主体、发生领域等角度考虑行为给社会造成的恶劣影响。

Through a systematic examination of the legislation on death penalty of corruption crime since the founding of New China,it can be drawn that death penalty on corruption and bribery crimes has taken the dual standard of＂amount of corruption and bribery plus gravity of circumstance＂.Penal legislation of corruption and bribery crimes on death penalty is appropriate for estimated amount,and the absolute mode of death penalty legislation should be abandoned.The People＇s Supreme Court and the People＇s Supreme Procuratorate in 2016 enacted the judicial interpretation＂on the application of criminal cases on the corruption and bribery crimes to a number of issues＂,which established specific criteria of death penalty for the crimes of corruption and bribery on the basis of＂Criminal Law Amendment（ix）＂.According to the fundamental principles of the strict control of death penalty,the determination of＂extremely huge amount＂of corruption and bribery crimes shall be decided on judicial experience;the judgment of crimes that＂cause heavy losses of the interests of the people and the country＂should be focused primarily on material and economic losses;the standard of＂particularly serious crime＂mainly emphasizes the overall provision of death penalty,which should reflects on the caution application of the death penalty;the observation of＂particularly bad social impact＂is chiefly concerned with corruption body,occurrence area,among others,which may cause bad influence to the society.