中国制造业外包的生产率效应研究——基于不同承接国和行业性质的视角

The Research of the Effect of Outsourcing on Productivity in China's Manufacturing——Based on Different Undertaking Countries and Nature of Industries

本文采用世界投入产出数据库(WIOD)1999-2011年中国35部门投入产出数据分别计算以我国为本位的实物外包与服务外包,结果表明我国制造业行业外包水平不高,且实物外包率高于服务外包率。通过面板数据研究发现:不同形式外包对生产率均产生正向影响,服务外包的影响系数约为实物外包的3.8倍。进一步探究外包生产率效应在不同承接国和行业性质中的差异,实证结果概括为两点:一是对OECD国家的实物外包存在正效应,而对非OECD国家的服务外包正效应更为显著;二是实物外包的正向影响在大规模和盈利能力强的行业中更加突显,而服务外包对生产率的促进作用在小规模和盈利能力弱行业强于实物外包。

This paper calculates the China-based material outsourcing and service outsourcing based on the China＇s 35-sector input-output table（ 1999-2011） of the World Input-Output Database（ WIOD）. The results show that the outsourcing of manufacturing industries in China is not high, the promotion space is relatively large. And the rate of material outsourcing is higher than service outsourcing, but growth is far slower. Through research of panel data, it finds that different forms of outsourcing both have a positive effect on productivity, the influence coefficient of service outsourcing is about 3.8 times of material outsourcing. Explore the differences of productivity effects of outsourcing in different undertaking countries and nature of industries further, the empirical results can be summarized as two points： 1） the material outsourcing to OECD countries has a positive effect; and the positive effect of service outsourcing to non-OECD countries is more significant; 2） the positive influence of material outsourcing in large-scale and high-profitable industries is more obvious, and service outsourcing plays a more positive role in promoting productivity development of small-scale, low-profitability and low-export industries.