杭州湾国家湿地公园湿地生态系统服务价值评估

Value Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Services of Hangzhou Bay National Wetland Park

杭州湾国家湿地公园属庵东沼泽区国家重要湿地,具有多种重要的湿地生态系统功能。通过野外调查和功能模拟实验,结合杭州湾湿地10 a定位观测数据,使用市场价值方法、碳税方法、影子工程方法、旅行费用方法等生态系统服务评估方法,对研究区的各项生态系统服务进行了价值估算。研究结果表明,杭州湾国家湿地公园湿地生态系统服务总价值约为419.5×106元,单位价值为65 786.58元/(hm^2·a),水质净化、物质资源、生物多样性保护、旅游休闲、涵养水源、保持土壤、气候调节、大气调节、固碳、文教科研的服务价值依次减小。其中,水质净化、物质资源、生物多样性保护服务是杭州湾国家湿地公园湿地生态系统的主导服务。研究结果有助于人们更加直观地认识湿地生态系统服务的重要性,同时也为湿地生态系统的保护和管理以及合理的开发利用提供科学的依据。

Hangzhou Bay National Wetland Park is part of the Andong mire area, one of the National Important Wetlands. Hangzhou Bay is the boundary between the north and south coastal wetlands of China. The wetlands in the park provide us a wide variety of ecological services, including material products, water conservation, carbon fixation, climate regulation, atmosphere regulation, biodiversity protection, soil conservation, entertainment and scientific research. The Hangzhou Bay National Wetland Park is located near the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. With the rapid development of Hangzhou Bay economic zone, the area of Hangzhou Bay wetlands is suffering from a severe reduction. Reasonable exploitation should be set up on the base of ecosystem services value assessment of the Hangzhou Bay wetlands. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the services value of the Hangzhou Bay wetlands. Moreover, it can offer a standard for policymaking and sustainable development. In this article, ecological services included provisioning, regulation, supporting and cultural services.Using 10 different ecological functions and 15 indices chosen, and Market Valuation, Shadow Project, Carbon Tax, Substitute Cost and Travel Cost methods, the ecosystem services of Hangzhou Bay National Wetland Park were evaluated. The data came from field survey, laboratory analysis and previous researches. The results showed that annual total value of ecosystem services of the park was about 419.5 million yuan（RMB）.The value of the water purification service was the highest, which was 126.79 × 106 yuan, accounting for30.22% of the total value of the services. The next was material products service（84.94×106yuan）, accounting for 20.25% of the total value; the others were biodiversity protection, entertainment, water conservation, soil conservation, air temperature regulation, atmosphere regulation, carbon fixation and scientific research services in turn. Among these ecological services, water purification, water conservation, material products and biodiversity protection services were dominant ecological services of the park.