蒲宁:在悖论中成就伟大与深邃

Bunin:Great and Profound Achievements in Paradox

蒲宁作为俄罗斯第一个获得诺贝尔奖的作家,却是一位充满了悖论的作家。蒲宁的国民性格的书写与自然环境的抒写构成了强烈反差,他将俄罗斯的大自然作为自己文学王国的主角,显现出由人类中心主义向生态中心主义的过渡趋向。蒲宁乃是今日所倡导的大自然文学的先行者之一,但他对于宗教是称颂与质疑相互纠结:一方面,宗教之美同自然之美、艺术之美构成了蒲宁的美的三元世界;另一方面,他又不时发出质疑宗教的声音;美,特别是爱,才是蒲宁至高无上的宗教。蒲宁往往将自己的创作同人类的苦难胶结于一,但他否定文艺在社会变革方面的作用,主张为自我而创作,创作成为他获得生命存在感的方式。蒲宁的创作方法首先是现实主义的;他反对现代主义,但又多所汲取。

Bunin is the first Russian writer who won the Nobel Prize for literature, but also a writer full of paradox. Bunin＇s writing of national characters constituted a striking contrast with his natural environment description. He took Russia＇s great nature as the protagonist in his literary kingdom, showing the trend of transition from anthropocentrism to eco-centrism. It should be said that Bunin is still one of the first forerunners who advocate the literature of nature today. Bunin was entangled with praises for and doubts of religion. On the one hand, the beauty of religion, the beauty of nature and the beauty of art constitute the tri-world of Bunin＇s beauty. On the other, he voiced his doubt of religion from time to time： beauty, especially love, is Bunin＇s supreme religion. Bunin often integrated his creation closely with the suffering of human beings. But he denied the role of literature and art in the social changes and advocated creation for his own sake; creation became the way to obtain his sense of existence. Bunin＇s creation method was first and foremost realistic; he opposed modernism, but also drew a lot from it.